א Aleph — ʾ — silent (glottal stop); guttural letter BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ב Beth, soft form (Vet) — v — /v/ as in 'vine' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ג Gimel, soft form (Ghimel) — g/gh — /g/ as in 'go' (soft rarely distinguished today) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ד Dalet, soft form (Dhalet) — d/dh — /d/ as in 'day' (soft /dh/ as in 'the', rare today) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ה He — h — /h/ as in 'hay'; often quiescent at end of syllable; guttural BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ו Vav — v/w — /v/ or /w/ (consonantal); also functions as a vowel letter BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ז Zayin — z — /z/ as in 'zoo' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ח Chet — ḥ — guttural fricative /kh/ as in 'Bach'; guttural letter BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ט Tet — ṭ — emphatic /t/ (no English equivalent; like 't' but emphatic) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet י Yod — y — /y/ as in 'yes' (consonantal); also functions as a vowel letter BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet כ Kaph, soft form (Khaf) — kh — /kh/ as in 'Bach' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ל Lamed — l — /l/ as in 'lamp' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet מ Mem — m — /m/ as in 'man' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet נ Nun — n — /n/ as in 'now' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ס Samekh — s — /s/ as in 'sun' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ע Ayin — ʿ — silent pharyngeal stop; guttural; distinct from Aleph BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet פ Pe, soft form (Fe) — f — /f/ as in 'fan' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet צ Tsade — ṣ — emphatic /ts/ as in 'ca-ts' BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ק Qof — q — uvular /q/ (deeper than /k/, no English equivalent) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ר Resh — r — uvular /r/; resists Dagesh Forte; sometimes grouped with gutturals BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet שׁ Shin — š — /sh/ as in 'shoe' (right dot = shin dot) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet שׂ Sin — ś — /s/ as in 'sun' (left dot = sin dot) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ת Tav, soft form (Thav) — t/th — /t/ as in 'top' (soft /th/ as in 'the', rare today) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet בּ Beth, hard form (Bet) — b — /b/ as in 'boy' · dagesh lene present BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet גּ Gimel, hard form — g — /g/ as in 'go' · dagesh lene present BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet דּ Dalet, hard form — d — /d/ as in 'day' · dagesh lene present BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet כּ Kaph, hard form (Kaf) — k — /k/ as in 'king' · dagesh lene present BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet פּ Pe, hard form — p — /p/ as in 'pan' · dagesh lene present BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet תּ Tav, hard form — t — /t/ as in 'top' · dagesh lene present BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ך Kaph Sofit — k/kh — final form of כ (soft) / כּ (hard) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ם Mem Sofit — m — final form of מ (closed square shape) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ן Nun Sofit — n — final form of נ (long descending stroke) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ף Pe Sofit — f — final form of פ/פּ (open form with descending tail) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet ץ Tsade Sofit — ṣ — final form of צ (long descending tail) BBH::Chapter 1 — Alphabet