For each form: (a) Identify as IC or another form (Imperative / Imperfect / Perfect), (b) Root, (c) Root class, (d) Preposition (if any), (e) Function (Purpose / Temporal-when / Temporal-as / Complementary / Quotative / Until / From). Click ▶ Answer to reveal; click again to hide.
All forms are Qal IC. Identify root, class, preposition, and function.
| # | Form | IC or other? | Root | Root Class | Prep | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לִ/שְׁמֹר | ||||||
| IC | שמר | Strong A | לְ | Purpose/Complementary — Most common IC pattern; Shewa + Holem | |||
| 2 | לִ/שְׁמֹ֣עַ | ||||||
| IC | שמע | Strong B (gutt. R3) | לְ | Purpose/Complementary — Pathach at R3 (ע) | |||
| 3 | כִּ/שְׁמֹ֣עַ | ||||||
| IC | שמע | Strong B (gutt.) | כְּ | Temporal (when/as) — "when/as he heard"; כְּ + IC = temporal | |||
| 4 | בִּ/זְכֹר | ||||||
| IC | זכר | Strong A | בְּ | Temporal (when) — "when/while he remembered" | |||
| 5 | לִ/כְתֹב | ||||||
| IC | כתב | Strong A | לְ | Purpose — "to write" | |||
| 6 | לֵ/אמֹר | ||||||
| IC | אמר | I-aleph | לְ | Quotative — ~2,600× OT; follows verbs of speech; "saying" | |||
| 7 | לֶ/אֱכֹל | ||||||
| IC | אכל | I-aleph | לְ | Purpose/Complementary — "to eat"; hateph under aleph; ל + chateph = Seghol | |||
| 8 | מֵ/עֲשׂוֹת | ||||||
| IC | עשה | III-ה + I-gutt. | מִן | From/cessation — "from doing"; וֹת ending |
All forms are Qal IC. Identify root, class, preposition, and function.
| # | Form | Root | Root Class | Prep | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | לִ/רְאוֹת | |||||
| ראה | III-ה | לְ | Purpose — "to see"; וֹת ending; Tsere often: לִרְאֹת | |||
| 10 | לַ/עֲשׂוֹת | |||||
| עשה | III-ה + I-gutt. | לְ | Purpose/Complementary — Chateph under ע; וֹת ending | |||
| 11 | הֱיוֹת | |||||
| היה | III-ה · | (bare) · Verbal noun/Complementary — "being / to be"; hateph-Seghol under ה | ||||
| 12 | לָ/בֹא | |||||
| בוא | Biconsonantal | לְ | Purpose/Complementary — "to come/enter"; Holem-waw; ל takes Qamets | |||
| 13 | לָ/שׁוּב | |||||
| שוב | Biconsonantal | לְ | Purpose/Complementary — "to return"; full Shureq | |||
| 14 | לָ/מוּת | |||||
| מות | Biconsonantal | לְ | Purpose — "to die"; full Shureq | |||
| 15 | בְּ/בֹא | |||||
| בוא | Biconsonantal | בְּ | Temporal (when) — "when he/she came"; בְּ + IC temporal clause |
Some forms may be IC; others may be Imperative, Imperfect, or Perfect. Identify each correctly.
| # | Form | IC or other? | Root | Root Class | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | לֶ/כֶת | |||||
| IC | הלך | I-י | "to go"; contracted form; Seghol-taw; ל fused into form | |||
| 17 | לָ/שֶׁ/בֶת | |||||
| IC | ישב | I-י | "to dwell/sit"; Seghol-taw; yod drops; לָ prefix | |||
| 18 | צֵאת | |||||
| IC | יצא | I-י + III-א | "going out"; bare IC with taw ending; aleph quiesces; Tsere diagnostic | |||
| 19 | תֵּת | |||||
| IC | נתן | I-נ | "to give"; both nuns drop; very short form; Tsere on taw | |||
| 20 | לָ/דַ/עַת | |||||
| IC | ידע | I-י | "to know"; Pathach + ayin + taw; dagesh forte in dalet | |||
| 21 | שְׁמֹר | |||||
| Ambiguous | שמר | Strong A | IC or Imperative 2ms; if follows preposition = IC; if command = Imper. | |||
| 22 | שְׁמֹ֣עַ | |||||
| Ambiguous | שמע | Strong B (gutt.) | IC or Imperative 2ms; same form; context distinguishes | |||
| 23 | לֶ/כֶת | |||||
| IC | הלך | I-י | Cannot be Imperative (Imper. is לֵךְ/לֶךְ without taw); taw = IC diagnostic | |||
| 24 | יִשְׁמֹר | |||||
| Imperfect | שמר | Strong A | יִ– prefix = Imperfect; not IC (IC has no prefix) | |||
| 25 | שָׁמַר | |||||
| Perfect 3ms | שמר | Strong A | Qamets + Pathach = Perfect 3ms; not IC |