For each form: (a) Identify as IA, IC, Imperative, Imperfect, or Perfect — and briefly explain how you know; (b) Root; (c) Root class; (d) Function (if IA: Emphatic / Imperatival / Manner / Progressive / Serial). Click ▶ Answer to reveal.
Both members of each pair are given. Identify the IA, name the root, root class, and function.
| # | Form Pair | Which is IA? | Root | Root Class | Function | Gloss | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מ֥וֹת — תָּמוּת | ||||||
| IA = מ֥וֹת | מות | Biconsonantal | Emphatic | "you shall surely die"; death-penalty formula; IA before Imperfect 2ms of same root | |||
| 2 | אָכֹ֥ל — תֹּאכֵֽל | ||||||
| IA = אָכֹ֥ל | אכל | I-aleph | Emphatic | "you may freely eat" (Gen 2:16); Qamets under aleph; permission formula | |||
| 3 | שָׁמ֣וֹעַ — תִּשְׁמָע | ||||||
| IA = שָׁמ֣וֹעַ | שמע | Strong B (gutt. R3) | Emphatic | "hear attentively"; Qamets + Holem-waw + Pathach before ע | |||
| 4 | שָׁמ֣וֹר — תִּשְׁמְרוּן | ||||||
| IA = שָׁמ֣וֹר | שמר | Strong A | Emphatic | "carefully keep"; Qamets R1 + Holem-waw R2 | |||
| 5 | רָאֹ֣ה — רָאִ֛יתִי | ||||||
| IA = רָאֹ֣ה | ראה | III-ה | Emphatic | "I have surely seen" (Exo 3:7); ה retained in IA; Qamets + Holem | |||
| 6 | טָרֹ֥ף — טֹרַ֖ף | ||||||
| IA = טָרֹ֥ף | טרף | Strong A | Emphatic | "he has surely been torn" (Gen 44:28); IA + passive Perfect; Qamets + Holem | |||
| 7 | נָת֤וֹן — יִנָּתֵן | ||||||
| IA = נָת֤וֹן | נתן | I-נ | Emphatic | "it shall certainly be given"; both nuns retained (contrast IC: תֵּת) | |||
| 8 | אָבֹ֖ד — תֹּאבֵדוּן | ||||||
| IA = אָבֹ֖ד | אבד | Strong A | Emphatic | "you shall utterly perish"; Deuteronomy threat formula; Qamets + Holem |
No paired finite verb given. Identify as IA, give root, root class, and function.
| # | Form | IA or other? | Root | Root Class | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | זָכ֕וֹר | |||||
| IA | זכר | Strong A | Imperatival — "Remember!" (Exo 20:8); Qamets + Holem-waw; IA functions as command | |||
| 10 | שָׁמ֗וֹר | |||||
| IA | שמר | Strong A | Imperatival — "Keep!" (Deu 5:12); same structure as זָכ֕וֹר | |||
| 11 | הָל֣וֹךְ | |||||
| IA | הלך | I-י | Manner/Progressive — "going"; paired with another IA to express ongoing motion; full yod-shape (contrast IC לֶכֶת) | |||
| 12 | יָצוֹא֙ | |||||
| IA | יצא | I-י + III-א | Emphatic/Manner — "going out"; I-י IA retains yod-shape (contrast IC: צֵאת) | |||
| 13 | הָי֧וֹ | |||||
| IA | היה | III-ה | Emphatic/Verbal noun — "being/surely be"; ה retained in IA (contrast IC: הֱיוֹת) | |||
| 14 | גָּאֹ֖ל | |||||
| IA | גאל | Strong A | Emphatic — "surely redeem"; Leviticus legal formula; Qamets + Holem |
Identify each form correctly. Note any context clues given.
| # | Form | Context | Identification | Root | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | מ֥וֹת | preceded by לָ | ||||
| IC | מות | The preposition לָ before this form = IC, not IA; "to die" | ||||
| 16 | מ֥וֹת | followed by תָּמוּת | ||||
| IA | מות | Same form, different context: no preposition, paired with Imperfect of same root = emphatic IA | ||||
| 17 | שָׁמ֣וֹר | no context | ||||
| IA | שמר | Qamets under R1 is the key: IA always has Qamets; IC/Imper. have Shewa (שְׁמֹר) | ||||
| 18 | שְׁמֹר | no context | ||||
| IC or Imperative 2ms | שמר | Shewa under R1 = IC or Imper.; ambiguous without context | ||||
| 19 | שָׁמַ֣ר | no context | ||||
| Perfect 3ms | שמר | Qamets + Pathach = Perfect 3ms; IA would have Holem-waw on R2 (שָׁמ֣וֹר) | ||||
| 20 | יִשְׁמֹ֣ר | no context | ||||
| Imperfect 3ms | שמר | יִ– prefix = Imperfect; cannot be IA (which has no prefix) | ||||
| 21 | זָכ֕וֹר | imperatival context (Exo 20:8) | ||||
| Imperatival IA | זכר | Qamets + Holem-waw; no paired finite verb; IA functions as command (Exo 20:8) | ||||
| 22 | לִ/זְכֹר | preceded by כִּי | ||||
| IC | זכר | לִ prefix = IC; Shewa under ז = Strong A IC; "in order to remember" | ||||
| 23 | לֶ/כֶת | no context | ||||
| IC | הלך | I-י contracted IC (Seghol-taw); IA of הלך would be הָל֣וֹךְ (Qamets + Holem-waw) | ||||
| 24 | הָל֣וֹךְ | followed by וָ/שׁ֑וֹב | ||||
| IA (Manner) | הלך | Paired IAs (hālôk wāšôb) = "going and returning" — manner/progressive (Gen 8:3) | ||||
| 25 | הָלַ֥ךְ | no context | ||||
| Perfect 3ms | הלך | Qamets + Pathach = Perfect 3ms; IA is הָל֣וֹךְ (Holem-waw, not Pathach final) |