BBH Chapter 24 · Niphal Strong Verbs
For each Hebrew form, identify: (1) Stem (Qal or Niphal), (2) Conjugation, (3) PGN (write — for non-finite), (4) Root.
| # | Hebrew | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | קָטַל | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · קטל — The paradigm root; Qal Perfect 3ms is the dictionary form. | ||||||
| 2 | נִקְטַל | |||||
| Niphal · Perfect · 3ms · קטל — נִ prefix + patach under second root letter is the Niphal Perfect 3ms signature. | ||||||
| 3 | שָׁמַר | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · שׁמר — Qamets under first root letter, patach under second: standard Qal Perfect 3ms. | ||||||
| 4 | נִשְׁמַר | |||||
| Niphal · Perfect · 3ms · שׁמר — נִ prefix signals Niphal; shewa under shin because nun has closed the syllable before it. | ||||||
| 5 | מָכַר | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · מכר — to sell. | ||||||
| 6 | נִמְכַּר | |||||
| Niphal · Perfect · 3ms · מכר — "he was sold"; dagesh forte in כּ is characteristic of some Niphal Perfect forms with certain roots. | ||||||
| 7 | כָּרַת | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · כרת — to cut (a covenant). | ||||||
| 8 | נִכְרַת | |||||
| Niphal · Perfect · 3ms · כרת — "he/it was cut off"; common in legal formulas (כָּרֵת penalty). | ||||||
| 9 | יִשְׁמֹר | |||||
| Qal · Imperfect · 3ms · שׁמר — יִ prefix + shewa under first root letter + holem (ō) theme vowel = Qal Imperfect. | ||||||
| 10 | יִשָּׁמֵר | |||||
| Niphal · Imperfect · 3ms · שׁמר — dagesh forte in שּׁ (assimilated nun from נִ) + tsere (ē) theme vowel = Niphal Imperfect signature. | ||||||
| 11 | יִמָּכֵר | |||||
| Niphal · Imperfect · 3ms · מכר — dagesh forte in מּ + qamets + tsere = Niphal Imperfect. "he will be sold." | ||||||
| 12 | יִמְכֹּר | |||||
| Qal · Imperfect · 3ms · מכר — shewa under מ (no dagesh), holem theme vowel = Qal Imperfect. "he will sell." | ||||||
| 13 | וַיִּשְׁמֹר | |||||
| Qal · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · שׁמר — וַיִּ + shewa + holem = Qal Wayyiqtol (waw-consecutive + imperfect). | ||||||
| 14 | וַיִּשָּׁמֵר | |||||
| Niphal · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · שׁמר — וַיִּ + dagesh forte in שּׁ + tsere = Niphal Wayyiqtol. "and he guarded himself / was guarded." | ||||||
| 15 | וַיִּמָּכֵר | |||||
| Niphal · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · מכר — dagesh forte in מּ + tsere = Niphal Wayyiqtol. "and he was sold" (Gen 37:36). | ||||||
| 16 | וַיִּמְכֹּר | |||||
| Qal · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · מכר — no dagesh in מ, holem theme vowel = Qal Wayyiqtol. "and he sold." | ||||||
| 17 | שְׁמֹר | |||||
| Qal · Imperative · 2ms · שׁמר — shewa under first root letter, holem theme vowel; no prefix. "Keep! / Guard!" | ||||||
| 18 | הִשָּׁמֵר | |||||
| Niphal · Imperative 2ms or Inf. Absolute · 2ms / — · שׁמר — הִ prefix + dagesh forte in שּׁ + tsere: these two Niphal forms are identical. Context determines which is intended. "Watch out! / Beware!" (Deut 6:12). | ||||||
| 19 | שָׁמוֹר | |||||
| Qal · Inf. Absolute · — · שׁמר — Qamets under first root letter, ō (vav) vowel letter in second syllable = Qal Inf. Absolute pattern. | ||||||
| 20 | הִשָּׁמֵר | |||||
| Niphal · Inf. Absolute or Imperative 2ms · — / 2ms · שׁמר — Same form as #18. Both analyses are correct; see context. | ||||||
| 21 | הִנָּתֵן | |||||
| Niphal · Inf. Absolute · — · נתן — הִ prefix; the I-נ root's nun assimilates into the following נּ via dagesh forte. "to be given." | ||||||
| 22 | נָתוֹן | |||||
| Qal · Inf. Absolute · — · נתן — Qamets under first root letter, ō (vav) vowel letter = Qal Inf. Absolute. "to give." | ||||||
| 23 | שֹׁמֵר | |||||
| Qal · Participle · ms · שׁמר — Holem under first root letter, tsere under second = Qal Active Participle ms. "one who keeps / a guard." | ||||||
| 24 | נִשְׁמָר | |||||
| Niphal · Participle · ms · שׁמר — נִ prefix + qamets under second root letter = Niphal Participle ms. "one being kept / guarded." | ||||||