Chapter 27 — Hiphil Weak-Form Identification Drill

BBH Chapter 27 · Hiphil Weak Verbs

All Part A forms are Hiphil. The weak class is given by the group heading — your task is to identify the conjugation, PGN, and root. Part B mixes classes — identify the weak class first, then parse.

Part A — By Class

Group 1 — I-guttural

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
1	הֶעֱמִיד	1 Chr 6:31
	הֶעֱמִיד	1 Chr 6:31	Perfect	3ms	עָמַד	Seghol under הֶ + hateph-Seghol under ע are the twin I-guttural markers
2	וַיַּעֲמֵד	2 Chr 8:14
	וַיַּעֲמֵד	2 Chr 8:14	Wayyiqtol	3ms	עָמַד	Pathach prefix + composite Shewa under ע + Tsere final
3	יַעֲמִיד	Pro 29:4
	יַעֲמִיד	Pro 29:4	Imperfect	3ms	עָמַד	Pathach prefix + composite Shewa; no dagesh in ע (guttural rule)
4	הַעֲמֵד	Isa 21:6
	הַעֲמֵד	Isa 21:6	Imperative	2ms	עָמַד	הַ + composite Shewa under ע + Tsere — he/composite-Shewa pattern
5	מַעֲמִיד	2 Chr 18:34
	מַעֲמִיד	2 Chr 18:34	Participle	ms	עָמַד	מַ + composite Shewa under ע + chiriq — standard I-guttural participle

Group 2 — III-ח/ע

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
6	הִשְׁמִיעַ	1 Kgs 15:22
	הִשְׁמִיעַ	1 Kgs 15:22	Perfect	3ms	שָׁמַע	chiriq-yod + Pathach furtive before final ע — Pathach not Tsere
7	וְהִשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 30:30
	וְהִשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 30:30	Imperfect	3ms (w/vav)	שָׁמַע	Pathach furtive before final ע; vav + שׁ + chiriq-yod = standard III-ח/ע
8	יַשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 42:2
	יַשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 42:2	Imperfect	3ms	שָׁמַע	Pathach prefix (not Tsere) + chiriq-yod + Pathach furtive before ע
9	הַשְׁמִיעוּ	Isa 48:20
	הַשְׁמִיעוּ	Isa 48:20	Imperative	2mp	שָׁמַע	הַ + chiriq-yod + Pathach before ע + וּ plural ending = III-ח/ע imv 2mp
10	מַשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 41:26
	מַשְׁמִיעַ	Isa 41:26	Participle	ms	שָׁמַע	מַ + chiriq-yod + Pathach furtive before ע = III-ח/ע participle

Group 3 — III-א

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
11	הֶחֱטִיא	1 Kgs 14:16
	הֶחֱטִיא	1 Kgs 14:16	Perfect	3ms	חָטָא	Seghol under הֶ + composite Shewa under ח = I-guttural + III-א; chiriq-yod + silent א
12	וַיַּחֲטִא	2 Kgs 21:11
	וַיַּחֲטִא	2 Kgs 21:11	Wayyiqtol	3ms	חָטָא	Pathach prefix + composite Shewa + Tsere + silent final א = Hiphil III-א wayyiqtol
13	יַחֲטִיאוּ	Exo 23:33
	יַחֲטִיאוּ	Exo 23:33	Imperfect	3mp	חָטָא	Pathach prefix + composite Shewa + chiriq-yod + silent א + וּ = III-א impf 3mp
14	הַחֲטִיא	Jer 32:35
	הַחֲטִיא	Jer 32:35	Inf. Construct	—	חָטָא	הַ + composite Shewa + chiriq-yod + silent final א = III-א inf. construct
15	מַחֲטִיאֵי	Isa 29:21
	מַחֲטִיאֵי	Isa 29:21	Participle	mp cstr	חָטָא	מַ + composite Shewa + chiriq-yod + silent א + ֵי = III-א ptc mp construct

Group 4 — III-ה

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
16	הֶעֱלָה	1 Sam 12:6
	הֶעֱלָה	1 Sam 12:6	Perfect	3ms	עָלָה	Qamets + ה ending; Seghol under הֶ; III-ה I-guttural combination
17	וַיַּעַל	Gen 8:20
	וַיַּעַל	Gen 8:20	Wayyiqtol	3ms	עָלָה	apocopated — ה dropped; short Pathach under R2; I-guttural composite Shewa lost
18	יַעֲלֶה	Exo 34:3
	יַעֲלֶה	Exo 34:3	Imperfect	3ms	עָלָה	Seghol + ה ending; composite Shewa under ע; standard III-ה Hiphil imperfect
19	הַרְאֵנִי	Exo 33:18
	הַרְאֵנִי	Exo 33:18	Imperative	2ms + 1cs suffix	רָאָה	Tsere + ה retained (not apocopated) + suffix נִי; standard III-ה imperative
20	מַרְאֶה	Gen 12:11
	מַרְאֶה	Gen 12:11	Participle	ms	רָאָה	מַ + composite Shewa + Seghol (not chiriq) + ה = III-ה Hiphil participle

Group 5 — I-נ

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
21	הִפִּיל	1 Sam 3:19
	הִפִּיל	1 Sam 3:19	Perfect	3ms	נָפַל	dagesh forte in פּ (R2); נ assimilated; chiriq-yod = I-נ Hiphil
22	וַיַּפֵּל	Gen 2:21
	וַיַּפֵּל	Gen 2:21	Wayyiqtol	3ms	נָפַל	Pathach prefix + dagesh in R2 + Tsere = I-נ Hiphil wayyiqtol
23	יַפִּיל	Exo 21:27
	יַפִּיל	Exo 21:27	Imperfect	3ms	נָפַל	Pathach prefix + dagesh in R2 + chiriq = I-נ Hiphil imperfect
24	הַגִּשָׁה	Gen 27:25
	הַגִּשָׁה	Gen 27:25	Imperative	2ms + ה	נָגַשׁ	הַ + dagesh in ג + cohortative ה; נ assimilated into ג; I-נ imperative
25	וּמַגִּישׁ	Mal 2:12
	וּמַגִּישׁ	Mal 2:12	Participle	ms	נָגַשׁ	מַ + dagesh in ג + chiriq = I-נ Hiphil participle; וּ is conjunction

Group 6 — I-י

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
26	הוֹצִיא	Gen 14:18
	הוֹצִיא	Gen 14:18	Perfect	3ms	יָצָא	הוֹ prefix (Holem Waw) — the signature I-י/vav Hiphil marker
27	וַיּוֹצֵא	Gen 15:5
	וַיּוֹצֵא	Gen 15:5	Wayyiqtol	3ms	יָצָא	וַיּוֹ prefix — dagesh in יּ + Holem Waw uniquely identifies I-י Hiphil
28	יוֹצִיא	Psa 25:15
	יוֹצִיא	Psa 25:15	Imperfect	3ms	יָצָא	יוֹ prefix (Holem Waw) = I-י Hiphil imperfect; chiriq-yod in root
29	וַיּוֹרֶד	Jdg 7:5
	וַיּוֹרֶד	Jdg 7:5	Wayyiqtol	3ms	יָרַד	וַיּוֹ prefix + Seghol (apocopated ה) = I-י III-ה Hiphil wayyiqtol
30	מוֹצִיא	Psa 68:6
	מוֹצִיא	Psa 68:6	Participle	ms	יָצָא	מוֹ prefix (Holem Waw) — not מַ; uniquely marks I-י Hiphil participle

Group 7 — Biconsonantal

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
31	הֵקִים	Jos 4:9
	הֵקִים	Jos 4:9	Perfect	3ms	קוּם	הֵ prefix (Tsere) — not הִ (hiriq); chiriq-yod in medial = Biconsonantal
32	וַיָּקֶם	Exo 40:18
	וַיָּקֶם	Exo 40:18	Wayyiqtol	3ms	קוּם	Qamets prefix + apocopated Seghol final = Biconsonantal Hiphil wayyiqtol
33	יָקִים	Deu 18:15
	יָקִים	Deu 18:15	Imperfect	3ms	קוּם	Qamets under prefix consonant (יָ) = Biconsonantal Hiphil imperfect
34	הָקֵם	2 Sam 7:25
	הָקֵם	2 Sam 7:25	Imperative	2ms	קוּם	הָ prefix (Qamets) + Tsere = Biconsonantal imperative
35	מֵקִים	1 Sam 2:8
	מֵקִים	1 Sam 2:8	Participle	ms	קוּם	מֵ prefix (Tsere) — not מַ; uniquely marks Biconsonantal Hiphil participle

Group 8 — Geminate

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
36	הֵסֵב	2 Kgs 16:18
	הֵסֵב	2 Kgs 16:18	Perfect	3ms	סָבַב	הֵ prefix (Tsere) = Hiphil; R2=R3=ב; Tsere in contracted stem = Geminate
37	וַיַּסֵּב	Exo 13:18
	וַיַּסֵּב	Exo 13:18	Wayyiqtol	3ms	סָבַב	Pathach prefix + dagesh forte in ב (R2=R3 doubled) + Tsere = Geminate wayyiqtol
38	יָסֵב	paradigm
	יָסֵב	paradigm	Imperfect	3ms	סָבַב	Qamets under יָ (= Biconsonantal/Geminate pattern); Tsere in contracted root
39	הָסֵב	2 Sam 5:23
	הָסֵב	2 Sam 5:23	Imperative	2ms	סָבַב	הָ prefix (Qamets) + Tsere in contracted R2=R3 = Geminate imperative
40	מֵסֵב	Jer 21:4
	מֵסֵב	Jer 21:4	Participle	ms	סָבַב	מֵ prefix (Tsere) + Tsere in contracted R2=R3 = Geminate participle

Part B — Mixed

#	Form	Reference	Context	Weak Class	Conjugation	PGN	Root
41	וַיַּשְׁמַע	1 Sam 15:14	"and he made heard"
	וַיַּשְׁמַע	1 Sam 15:14		III-ח/ע	Wayyiqtol	3ms	שָׁמַע	Pathach (not Tsere) before final ע — guttural forces vowel lowering in shortened form
42	הֵשִׂים	Gen 45:9	"he made / placed"
	הֵשִׂים	Gen 45:9		Biconsonantal	Perfect	3ms	שִׂים	הֵ prefix (Tsere); root שׂ-י-מ with medial chiriq-yod = Biconsonantal
43	וַיַּעַל	Gen 22:2	"and he offered up"
	וַיַּעַל	Gen 22:2		III-ה + I-guttural	Wayyiqtol	3ms	עָלָה	apocopated: ה dropped; short Pathach under R2; I-guttural composite Shewa
44	הִגִּישׁ	Amos 9:13	"he brought near"
	הִגִּישׁ	Amos 9:13		I-נ	Perfect	3ms	נָגַשׁ	הִ prefix + dagesh forte in ג (R2); נ assimilated into R2 = I-נ Hiphil
45	הָסֵב	2 Sam 5:23	"circle around behind them"
	הָסֵב	2 Sam 5:23		Geminate	Imperative	2ms	סָבַב	הָ prefix (Qamets) — same as Biconsonantal הָקֵם; Tsere from contracted R2=R3 = Geminate
46	הֶרְאָה	Exo 25:9	"he showed"
	הֶרְאָה	Exo 25:9		III-ה	Perfect	3ms	רָאָה	Qamets + ה ending; Seghol under הֶ = III-ה Hiphil perfect
47	וַיּוֹרֶד	Gen 42:38	"and he brought down"
	וַיּוֹרֶד	Gen 42:38		I-י	Wayyiqtol	3ms	יָרַד	וַיּוֹ prefix uniquely identifies I-י Hiphil wayyiqtol
48	מַעֲמִידִים	Neh 4:7	"those who station / prop up"
	מַעֲמִידִים	Neh 4:7		I-guttural	Participle	mp	עָמַד	מַ + composite Shewa under ע + chiriq + ים = I-guttural Hiphil participle mp
49	הַמְצֵא	paradigm	"cause to find! (imperative)"
	הַמְצֵא	paradigm		III-א	Imperative	2ms	מָצָא	הַ prefix (Pathach) + Tsere + silent final א = III-א Hiphil imperative
50	וָאָקִים	Exo 6:4	"and I established"
	וָאָקִים	Exo 6:4		Biconsonantal	Wayyiqtol	1cs	קוּם	וָאָ (1cs wayyiqtol) + Qamets + chiriq-yod = Biconsonantal 1cs wayyiqtol

Discussion Questions

Compare הִמְצִיא (III-א perfect 3ms) and הַמְצֵא (III-א imperative 2ms). Both end with silent final א. How do you distinguish them? What is the key difference in the prefix vowel?
הַשְׁמִיעוּ (III-ח/ע imperative 2mp) and הַעֲמֵד (I-guttural imperative 2ms) both begin with הַ. How does the vowel under R1 differ? What does that tell you about the class?
וַיַּשְׁלַח (III-ח/ע wayyiqtol) and וַיַּקְרֵא (III-א wayyiqtol) both have Pathach under the wayyiqtol prefix. The difference is in the final vowel. Explain what happens to the Hiphil Tsere in each case and why.
Compare הוֹרֵד (I-י imperative 2ms) and הָקֵם (Biconsonantal imperative 2ms). Both have a long prefix vowel rather than the Pathach of the strong Hiphil imperative. What prefix vowel does each use, and how can you tell them apart?
Items 36–40 (Geminate) and items 31–35 (Biconsonantal) share nearly identical vowel patterns in every conjugation. What is the only reliable way to determine whether a Hiphil form belongs to the Geminate class or the Biconsonantal class?