BBH Chapter 27 · Hiphil Weak Verbs
For each form: (1) identify the weak class, (2) parse (conjugation + PGN), (3) identify the root.
| Class | Key diagnostic signal |
|---|---|
| I-guttural | הֶ prefix (perfect); composite shewa under R1; no dagesh in R1 throughout |
| III-ח/ע | Patach furtive before final ח/ע (open syllable); patach (not tsere) in wayyiqtol/imperative before final guttural |
| III-א | Silent final א; chiriq-yod before silent א (perfect/imperfect/inf.); tsere before silent א (wayyiqtol/imperative) |
| III-ה | Qamets + ה (perfect 3ms); seghol + ה (imperfect/participle); apocopated wayyiqtol (ה dropped); וֹת (inf. construct) |
| I-נ | Dagesh forte in R2 throughout entire paradigm; root נ invisible |
| I-י | הוֹ prefix (perfect/imperative/inf.); יוֹ/תּוֹ/אוֹ/נוֹ prefix (imperfect); וַיּוֹ (wayyiqtol); מוֹ (participle) |
| Biconsonantal | הֵ prefix (perfect); qamets under prefix consonant (imperfect/wayyiqtol); הָ prefix (imperative/inf. construct); מֵ prefix (participle ms) |
| Geminate | הֵ prefix (perfect); qamets under prefix (imperfect/wayyiqtol); הָ prefix (imperative/inf. construct); מֵ prefix (participle) — nearly identical to Biconsonantal; root identification (R2=R3) is the only reliable distinguisher |
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הֶעֱמִיד | 1 Kgs 7:21 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · עָמַד — he set up; seghol under הֶ + hateph-seghol under ע are the twin I-guttural markers | ||||||
| 2 | וַיַּעֲמֵד | 2 Chr 4:4 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · עָמַד — and he set it; patach prefix (standard Hiphil) + hateph-patach under ע + tsere final | ||||||
| 3 | יַעֲמִיד | Psa 107:29 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · עָמַד — he causes to stand still; patach prefix + composite shewa under ע; no dagesh in R1 | ||||||
| 4 | הַעֲמֵד | Num 27:19 | ||||
| Imperative · 2ms · עָמַד — set him before; הַ + composite shewa under ע + tsere | ||||||
| 5 | מַעֲמִיד | Neh 4:7 | ||||
| Participle · ms · עָמַד — one who stations; מַ + composite shewa under ע + chiriq | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | הִשְׁמִיעַ | Isa 48:6 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · שָׁמַע — he caused to hear; patach furtive written below the chiriq-yod, before final ע | ||||||
| 7 | וַיַּשְׁלַח | Gen 3:23 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · שָׁלַח — and he sent out; patach (not tsere) before final ח — guttural forces vowel lowering in the shortened wayyiqtol form | ||||||
| 8 | יַשְׁמִיעַ | Isa 42:2 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · שָׁמַע — he will cause to hear; patach furtive before final ע in open syllable | ||||||
| 9 | הַשְׁמַע | Deu 4:10 | ||||
| Imperative · 2ms · שָׁמַע — make them hear; patach before final ע (not tsere) — shortened form before guttural | ||||||
| 10 | מַשְׁמִיעַ | Isa 41:26 | ||||
| Participle · ms · שָׁמַע — one who announces; מַ + chiriq-yod + patach furtive before final ע | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | הִמְצִיא | Neh 9:15 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · מָצָא — he provided / caused to find; chiriq-yod + silent final א | ||||||
| 12 | וַיַּמְצֵא | 2 Chr 2:13 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · מָצָא — and he provided; tsere + silent final א (standard Hiphil wayyiqtol vowel + silent R3) | ||||||
| 13 | יַמְצִיא | Pro 8:35 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · מָצָא — he will cause to find; chiriq-yod + silent final א | ||||||
| 14 | וַיַּקְרֵא | Gen 1:5 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · קָרָא — and he called; tsere + silent final א; one of the most frequent forms in Genesis 1 | ||||||
| 15 | מַקְרִיא | Neh 8:3 | ||||
| Participle · ms · קָרָא — one who reads aloud; מַ + chiriq-yod + silent final א | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | הֶעֱלָה | Gen 8:20 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · עָלָה — he offered up; qamets + ה ending; also I-guttural: seghol under הֶ + hateph-seghol under ע | ||||||
| 17 | וַיַּעַל | Gen 22:2 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · עָלָה — and he went up / offered up; apocopated — ה dropped; short patach under R2 (ע) | ||||||
| 18 | יַעֲלֶה | Lev 14:20 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · עָלָה — he shall offer up; seghol + ה ending; composite shewa under ע (I-guttural interaction) | ||||||
| 19 | הַרְאֵה | Exo 33:18 | ||||
| Imperative · 2ms · רָאָה — show me; tsere + ה retained (not apocopated in imperative) | ||||||
| 20 | לְהַעֲלוֹת | Exo 3:17 | ||||
| Inf. Construct · — · עָלָה — to bring up; ends in וֹת — the most reliable III-ה Hiphil inf. construct marker | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | הִפִּיל | Gen 2:21 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · נָפַל — he caused to fall; dagesh forte in R2 (פ) — נ has assimilated; root נָפַל | ||||||
| 22 | וַיַּפֵּל | Gen 2:21 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · נָפַל — and he cast; patach prefix + dagesh in R2 (פ) + tsere final | ||||||
| 23 | יַפִּיל | Pro 19:15 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · נָפַל — causes to fall; patach prefix + dagesh in R2 + chiriq | ||||||
| 24 | הַגֵּשׁ | Gen 27:25 | ||||
| Imperative · 2ms · נָגַשׁ — bring near; הַ + dagesh forte in R2 (ג) + tsere | ||||||
| 25 | מַגִּישׁ | Mal 1:7 | ||||
| Participle · ms · נָגַשׁ — one who brings near; מַ + dagesh in R2 + chiriq | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | הוֹצִיא | Gen 15:7 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · יָצָא — he brought out; הוֹ prefix (holem-vav) — the signature I-י/ו Hiphil marker | ||||||
| 27 | וַיּוֹצֵא | Gen 1:12 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · יָצָא — and it brought forth; וַיּוֹ prefix — dagesh in יּ + holem-vav | ||||||
| 28 | יוֹרִיד | 1 Sam 2:6 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · יָרַד — he brings down; יוֹ prefix (holem-vav under imperfect prefix consonant) | ||||||
| 29 | הוֹרֵד | Gen 42:38 | ||||
| Imperative · 2ms · יָרַד — bring down; הוֹ prefix (not הַ) + tsere final — distinguishes I-י from strong Hiphil imperative | ||||||
| 30 | מוֹצִיא | Deu 8:14 | ||||
| Participle · ms · יָצָא — the one who brings out; מוֹ prefix (holem-vav under מ) — not מַ of the strong Hiphil | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | הֵקִים | Gen 6:18 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · קוּם — he established; הֵ prefix (tsere) instead of הִ (hiriq) — the primary biconsonantal marker | ||||||
| 32 | וַיָּקֶם | Gen 23:20 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · קוּם — and it was confirmed/set; qamets under prefix consonant + apocopated seghol final | ||||||
| 33 | יָקִים | Deu 18:15 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · קוּם — he will raise up; qamets under prefix consonant (יָ) — not the patach of the strong Hiphil (יַ) | ||||||
| 34 | הָקֵם | Exo 40:2 | ||||
| Imperative · 2ms · קוּם — set up; הָ prefix (qamets) + tsere; contrast with strong הַקְטֵל (patach prefix) | ||||||
| 35 | מֵקִים | 1 Sam 2:8 | ||||
| Participle · ms · קוּם — one who raises up; מֵ prefix (tsere) — not מַ (patach) of the strong/most-weak-class Hiphil participle | ||||||
| # | Form | Reference | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | הֵסֵב | 1 Kgs 21:4 | ||||
| Perfect · 3ms · סָבַב — he turned his face; הֵ prefix (tsere) — same as Biconsonantal הֵקִים; root ס-ב-ב has R2=R3 (Geminate) | ||||||
| 37 | וַיָּסֶב | Josh 6:14 | ||||
| Wayyiqtol · 3ms · סָבַב — and they marched around; qamets under prefix + apocopated seghol final — same pattern as Biconsonantal וַיָּקֶם | ||||||
| 38 | יָסֵב | Isa 44:20 | ||||
| Imperfect · 3ms · סָבַב — it leads astray; qamets under prefix consonant (יָ) — same as Biconsonantal יָקִים; root knowledge required to distinguish | ||||||
| 39 | הָסֵב | 2 Sam 2:22 | ||||
| Imperative · 2ms · סָבַב — turn aside!; הָ prefix (qamets) — same as Biconsonantal הָקֵם; only root identity (ס-ב-ב vs. hollow) distinguishes | ||||||
| 40 | מֵסֵב | (expected) | ||||
| Participle · ms · סָבַב — one who surrounds; מֵ prefix (tsere) — same as Biconsonantal מֵקִים; Geminate class requires root knowledge | ||||||
Identify the weak class first, then parse fully.
| # | Form | Reference | Weak class | Conjugation | PGN | Root | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | וַיַּשְׁמַע | 1 Sam 15:14 | |||||
| III-ח/ע · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · שָׁמַע — and he made heard; patach (not tsere) before final ע — guttural forces vowel lowering in shortened form | |||||||
| 42 | הֵשִׂים | Gen 45:9 | |||||
| Biconsonantal · Perfect · 3ms · שִׂים — he made / placed; הֵ prefix (tsere) identifies biconsonantal Hiphil perfect; root שׂ-י-מ contains medial hireq-yod vowel letter = Biconsonantal | |||||||
| 43 | וַיַּעַל | Gen 22:2 | |||||
| III-ה · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · עָלָה — and he went up / offered; apocopated: ה dropped, short patach under R2; also I-guttural interaction visible | |||||||
| 44 | הִגִּישׁ | Amos 9:13 | |||||
| I-נ · Perfect · 3ms · נָגַשׁ — he drew near / brought near; dagesh forte in R2 (ג); hiriq prefix (הִ) + dagesh identifies I-נ Hiphil perfect | |||||||
| 45 | הָסֵב | 2 Sam 5:23 | |||||
| Geminate · Imperative · 2ms · סָבַב — circle around behind them; הָ prefix (qamets) looks exactly like Biconsonantal הָקֵם; only root knowledge (ס-ב-ב has R2=R3) identifies it as Geminate | |||||||
| 46 | הֶרְאָה | Exo 25:9 | |||||
| III-ה · Perfect · 3ms · רָאָה — he showed; qamets + ה ending; seghol under הֶ (guttural ר causes compensatory lengthening) | |||||||
| 47 | וַיּוֹרֶד | Gen 42:38 | |||||
| I-י · Wayyiqtol · 3ms · יָרַד — and he brought down; וַיּוֹ prefix (dagesh in יּ + holem-vav) uniquely identifies I-י/ו Hiphil wayyiqtol | |||||||
| 48 | מַעֲמִידִים | Neh 4:7 | |||||
| I-guttural · Participle · mp · עָמַד — those who station; מַ + composite shewa under ע + chiriq + ים plural ending | |||||||
| 49 | הַמְצֵא | (†) | |||||
| III-א · Imperative · 2ms · מָצָא — cause to find; tsere + silent final א; הַ prefix (patach) — compare הִמְצִיא (perfect) which has hiriq under הִ | |||||||
| 50 | וָאָקִים | Exo 6:4 | |||||
| Biconsonantal · Wayyiqtol · 1cs · קוּם — and I established; וָאָ prefix (1cs wayyiqtol) + qamets + chiriq-yod medial; "I also established my covenant with them" | |||||||