BBH Chapter 28 · Qal, Niphal, Hiphil, and Hophal Stems
By Chapter 28 you have learned all four major stems: Qal, Niphal, Hiphil, and Hophal. This drill presents 24 forms drawn from four strong roots: שׁמר (keep/guard), קטל (kill), כתב (write), and פקד (appoint/muster). For each item: (1) select the stem from the dropdown, (2) select the conjugation and PGN, (3) enter the root and gloss. Click ▶ Answer to check your work.
| # | Hebrew Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Root | Gloss | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | שָׁמַר | ||||||
| Qal | Perfect | 3ms | שׁמר | he kept / he guarded | |||
| 2 | נִקְטַל | ||||||
| Niphal | Perfect | 3ms | קטל | he was killed | |||
| 3 | הִפְקִיד | ||||||
| Hiphil | Perfect | 3ms | פקד | he appointed / he entrusted | |||
| 4 | הָכְתַב | ||||||
| Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | כתב | it was caused to be written | |||
| 5 | כָּתַבְנוּ | ||||||
| Qal | Perfect | 1cp | כתב | we wrote | |||
| 6 | הָפְקְדָה | ||||||
| Hophal | Perfect | 3fs | פקד | she was appointed (by someone) | |||
| 7 | הִכְתִּיבָה | ||||||
| Hiphil | Perfect | 3fs | כתב | she caused to write | |||
| 8 | נִפְקְדוּ | ||||||
| Niphal | Perfect | 3cp | פקד | they were appointed / mustered | |||
| 9 | יִשְׁמֹר | ||||||
| Qal | Imperfect | 3ms | שׁמר | he will keep / he keeps | |||
| 10 | תַּשְׁמֵרְנָה | ||||||
| Hiphil | Imperfect | 3fp | שׁמר | they (f) will cause to keep | |||
| 11 | אֶפָּקֵד | ||||||
| Niphal | Imperfect | 1cs | פקד | I will be appointed / I will be mustered | |||
| 12 | יָכְתַב | ||||||
| Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | כתב | it will be caused to be written | |||
| 13 | וַנִּשְׁמֹר | ||||||
| Qal | Wayyiqtol | 1cp | שׁמר | and we kept / and we guarded | |||
| 14 | וַיַּפְקֵד | ||||||
| Hiphil | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | פקד | and he appointed / and he entrusted | |||
| 15 | וַיִּכָּתֵב | ||||||
| Niphal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | כתב | and it was written / and he was enrolled | |||
| 16 | וַיָּכְתַב | ||||||
| Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | כתב | and it was caused to be written | |||
| 17 | שִׁמְרוּ | ||||||
| Qal | Imperative | 2mp | שׁמר | Keep! Guard! (you all) | |||
| 18 | הַקְטֵל | ||||||
| Hiphil | Imperative | 2ms | קטל | Cause to kill! (Hiphil Imper = Hiphil Inf. Abs. in strong roots) | |||
| 19 | הִפָּקֵד | ||||||
| Niphal | Imperative | 2ms | פקד | Be appointed! / Report for duty! | |||
| 20 | הָשְׁמַר | ||||||
| Hophal | Imperative | 2ms | שׁמר | Be made to keep! (same form as Hophal Perfect 3ms — context distinguishes) | |||
| 21 | קָטֹל | ||||||
| Qal | Inf. Absolute | — | קטל | killing (emphatic / used with finite verb) | |||
| 22 | הַשְׁמֵר | ||||||
| Hiphil | Inf. Absolute | — | שׁמר | causing to keep (same form as Hiphil Imper 2ms — context distinguishes) | |||
| 23 | נִקְטָל | ||||||
| Niphal | Participle | ms | קטל | being killed / one who is killed | |||
| 24 | מָקְטָל | ||||||
| Hophal | Participle | ms | קטל | being made to kill / one being caused to kill |