Ch29 Hophal Weak Paradigm Drill

Stem: Hophal  |  Roots: ילד · קום · עמד · נגד · גלה · שׁלח · מצא · קלל

For each row, the root and PGN are given. Select the correct Hophal weak form from the dropdown. Options include forms from Qal, Hiphil, Niphal, Piel, and Hophal — and from other Hophal conjugations of the same root. Identify the correct Hophal form for the PGN shown.
Prefix vowel groups: Shureq (הוּ/יוּ/מוּ) — I-י/ו and Biconsonantal roots.   Qibbuts (הֻ/יֻ/מֻ) — I-נ, I-guttural, III-ה, III-ח/ע, III-א, and Geminate roots.
I-guttural: Seghol (הֶ) under prefix in the Perfect before ע or א; Qibbuts (יֻ) in the Imperfect (normal).   III-ה: Perfect 3ms ends ָה; Imperfect 3ms ends ֶה; Wayyiqtol is apocopated (ה drops).   I-נ / Geminate: Dagesh forte in R2.

Part A — I-י/ו (Root: ילד) — Shureq prefix

#RootPGNRefForm
1ילדPerfect 3msGen 21:5
✓Perfect 3msהוּלַדShureq (הוּ) prefix; R1 י quiesces
2ילדImperfect 3msGen 4:26
✓Imperfect 3msיוּלַדShureq under יוּ imperfect prefix
3ילדParticiple ms—
✓Participle msמוּלָדמוּ prefix (Shureq); Qamets under R2
4ילדPerfect 3cp—
✓Perfect 3cpהוּלְדוּShureq prefix (הוּ) retained; R1 י quiesces; וּ 3cp ending
5ילדImperfect 3mp—
✓Imperfect 3mpיוּלְדוּShureq under יוּ imperfect prefix; וּ 3mp ending
6ילדParticiple fs—
✓Participle fsמוּלֶדֶתמוּ prefix (Shureq); Seghol + ת feminine ending
7ילדImperative ms—
✓Imperative msהוּלַדHophal Imp. ms = Perfect 3ms in form (הוּלַד) — same consonants and vowels; context distinguishes command from past statement
8ילדInf. Construct—
✓Inf. ConstructהוּלַדHophal Inf. Constr. = Perfect 3ms form (הוּלַד) for I-י/ו roots; context determines function
9ילדPerfect 3fs—
✓Perfect 3fsהוּלְדָהShureq prefix (הוּ); Shewa under ל + ָה fem. ending; contrast 3ms הוּלַד (Pathach stays under ל)
10ילדImperfect 3fs / 2ms—
✓Imperfect 3fs / 2msתּוּלַדתּ prefix + Shureq (תּוּ); same form serves 3fs and 2ms; contrast 3ms יוּלַד (י prefix)
11ילדImperfect 1cs—
✓Imperfect 1csאוּלַדא prefix + Shureq (אוּ) for 1cs Imperfect; contrast 1cp נוּלַד (נ prefix)
12ילדImperfect 1cp—
✓Imperfect 1cpנוּלַדנ prefix + Shureq (נוּ) for 1cp Imperfect; contrast 1cs אוּלַד (א prefix)
13ילדPerfect 1cs—
✓Perfect 1csהוּלַדְתִּיShureq prefix (הוּ); Pathach + תִּי suffix (1cs); contrast 1cp הוּלַדְנוּ (נוּ suffix)
14ילדPerfect 1cp—
✓Perfect 1cpהוּלַדְנוּShureq prefix (הוּ); Pathach + נוּ suffix (1cp); contrast 1cs הוּלַדְתִּי (תִּי suffix)
15ילדParticiple mp—
✓Participle mpמוּלָדִיםמוּ prefix (Shureq); Qamets under ד + ים plural; contrast ms מוּלָד, fs מוּלֶדֶת

Part B — Biconsonantal (Root: קום) — Shureq prefix

#RootPGNRefForm
1קוםPerfect 3msExo 40:17
✓Perfect 3msהוּקַםShureq prefix; only R1 (ק) and R3 (מ) visible
2קוםImperfect 3msNum 9:15
✓Imperfect 3msיוּקַםShureq under יוּ; two root consonants
3קוםParticiple ms—
✓Participle msמוּקָםמוּ prefix (Shureq); Qamets under R2; two root consonants
4קוםPerfect 3cp—
✓Perfect 3cpהוּקְמוּShureq prefix; hollow root — only ק and מ visible; וּ plural ending
5קוםImperfect 3mp—
✓Imperfect 3mpיוּקְמוּShureq under יוּ; contrast Pf 3cp הוּקְמוּ (same ending) — only prefix letter (ה vs. י) differs
6קוםParticiple fs—
✓Participle fsמוּקֶמֶתמוּ prefix (Shureq); Seghol + ת feminine; hollow root ק-מ
7קוםImperative ms—
✓Imperative msהוּקַםHophal Imp. ms = Perfect 3ms in form (הוּקַם); Shureq prefix; same form — function determined by context
8קוםInf. Construct—
✓Inf. ConstructהוּקַםHophal Inf. Constr. = Perfect 3ms form (הוּקַם) for biconsonantal roots; also identical to Imperative ms
9קוםPerfect 3fs—
✓Perfect 3fsהוּקְמָהShureq prefix; Shewa under ק + מ + ָה fem. ending; contrast 3ms הוּקַם (Pathach under מ)
10קוםImperfect 3fs / 2ms—
✓Imperfect 3fs / 2msתּוּקַםתּ prefix + Shureq (תּוּ); 3fs and 2ms share this form; contrast 3ms יוּקַם (י prefix)
11קוםImperfect 1cs—
✓Imperfect 1csאוּקַםא prefix + Shureq (אוּ) for 1cs Imperfect; contrast 1cp נוּקַם (נ prefix)
12קוםImperfect 1cp—
✓Imperfect 1cpנוּקַםנ prefix + Shureq (נוּ) for 1cp Imperfect; contrast 1cs אוּקַם (א prefix)
13קוםPerfect 1cs—
✓Perfect 1csהוּקַמְתִּיShureq prefix (הוּ); Pathach + תִּי suffix; contrast 1cp הוּקַמְנוּ (נוּ suffix)
14קוםPerfect 1cp—
✓Perfect 1cpהוּקַמְנוּShureq prefix (הוּ); Pathach + נוּ suffix; contrast 1cs הוּקַמְתִּי (תִּי suffix)
15קוםParticiple mp—
✓Participle mpמוּקָמִיםמוּ prefix (Shureq); Qamets under מ + ים plural; hollow root visible as two consonants

Part C — I-guttural (Root: עמד) — Seghol in Perfect prefix; Qibbuts in Imperfect

#RootPGNRefForm
1עמדPerfect 3ms—
✓Perfect 3msהֶעֱמַדSeghol (הֶ) under prefix before ע; hateph-Seghol under ע
2עמדImperfect 3ms—
✓Imperfect 3msיֻעֲמַדQibbuts (יֻ) in Imperfect (normal); Hateph Pathach under ע
3עמדParticiple ms—
✓Participle msמֻעֲמָדמֻ prefix; Hateph Pathach under ע; Qamets under R2 (ד)
4עמדPerfect 3cp—
✓Perfect 3cpהֻעֲמְדוּOnly 3ms uses Seghol (הֶ); all other Perfect forms use Qibbuts (הֻ); Hateph Pathach under ע; וּ plural
5עמדImperfect 3mp—
✓Imperfect 3mpיֻעֲמְדוּQibbuts under יֻ throughout the Imperfect (no Seghol); Hateph Pathach under ע; וּ 3mp ending
6עמדParticiple fs—
✓Participle fsמֻעֲמֶדֶתמֻ prefix; Hateph Pathach under guttural ע; Seghol + ת feminine ending
7עמדImperative ms—
✓Imperative msהֶעֱמַדHophal Imp. ms = Perfect 3ms form (הֶעֱמַד); Seghol under prefix before guttural ע — same in both
8עמדInf. Construct—
✓Inf. ConstructהֶעֱמַדSeghol (הֶ) under prefix before ע in Inf. Constr. — same form as Perfect 3ms and Imperative ms
9עמדPerfect 3fs—
✓Perfect 3fsהֻעֲמְדָהQibbuts (הֻ) — not Seghol; only 3ms uses Seghol (הֶ); Hateph Pathach under ע; Shewa under מ + ָה ending
10עמדImperfect 3fs / 2ms—
✓Imperfect 3fs / 2msתֻּעֲמַדתּ prefix + Qibbuts (תֻּ); Hateph Pathach under ע; ALL Imperfect forms use Qibbuts — no Seghol in Imperfect
11עמדImperfect 1cs—
✓Imperfect 1csאֻעֲמַדא prefix + Qibbuts (אֻ); Hateph Pathach under ע; 1cs Imperfect marker is א prefix
12עמדImperfect 1cp—
✓Imperfect 1cpנֻעֲמַדנ prefix + Qibbuts (נֻ); Hateph Pathach under ע; 1cp Imperfect marker is נ prefix
13עמדPerfect 1cs—
✓Perfect 1csהֻעֲמַדְתִּיQibbuts (הֻ) — suffix forms always Qibbuts, never Seghol (Seghol = 3ms only); Hateph Pathach under ע; תִּי suffix
14עמדPerfect 1cp—
✓Perfect 1cpהֻעֲמַדְנוּQibbuts (הֻ); Hateph Pathach under ע; נוּ suffix (1cp)
15עמדParticiple mp—
✓Participle mpמֻעֲמָדִיםמֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Hateph Pathach under ע; Qamets under מ + ים plural

Part D — I-נ (Root: נגד) — Qibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in R2 (נ assimilated)

#RootPGNRefForm
1נגדPerfect 3msDeu 17:4
✓Perfect 3msהֻגַּדQibbuts prefix; נ assimilated → Dagesh forte in ג
2נגדImperfect 3ms—
✓Imperfect 3msיֻגַּדQibbuts under יֻ; Dagesh forte in ג retained
3נגדParticiple ms—
✓Participle msמֻגָּדמֻ prefix; Dagesh forte in ג; Qamets under ג
4נגדPerfect 3cp—
✓Perfect 3cpהֻגְּדוּQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ג (נ assimilated); Shewa under ג before vowelless וּ; וּ plural
5נגדImperfect 3mp—
✓Imperfect 3mpיֻגְּדוּQibbuts under יֻ; Dagesh forte in ג; same consonants as Pf 3cp הֻגְּדוּ — only prefix letter changes
6נגדParticiple fs—
✓Participle fsמֻגֶּדֶתמֻ prefix; Dagesh forte in ג (I-נ assimilation); Seghol + ת feminine ending
7נגדImperative ms—
✓Imperative msהֻגַּדHophal Imp. ms = Perfect 3ms form (הֻגַּד); Qibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ג — same in both
8נגדInf. Construct—
✓Inf. ConstructהֻגַּדHophal Inf. Constr. = Perfect 3ms form; also identical to Imperative ms; Dagesh forte in ג (I-נ) retained
9נגדPerfect 3fs—
✓Perfect 3fsהֻגְּדָהQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ג (נ assimilated); Shewa under ג + ָה fem. ending; contrast 3ms הֻגַּד (Pathach)
10נגדImperfect 3fs / 2ms—
✓Imperfect 3fs / 2msתֻּגַּדתּ prefix + Qibbuts (תֻּ); Dagesh forte in ג retained; 3fs and 2ms are the same form
11נגדImperfect 1cs—
✓Imperfect 1csאֻגַּדא prefix + Qibbuts (אֻ); Dagesh forte in ג; 1cs Imperfect
12נגדImperfect 1cp—
✓Imperfect 1cpנֻגַּדנ prefix + Qibbuts (נֻ); Dagesh forte in ג; 1cp Imperfect
13נגדPerfect 1cs—
✓Perfect 1csהֻגַּדְתִּיQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ג; תִּי suffix (1cs)
14נגדPerfect 1cp—
✓Perfect 1cpהֻגַּדְנוּQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ג; נוּ suffix (1cp)
15נגדParticiple mp—
✓Participle mpמֻגָּדִיםמֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in ג; Qamets + ים plural; contrast ms מֻגָּד, fs מֻגֶּדֶת

Part E — III-ה (Root: גלה) — Qibbuts prefix; contracted endings; apocopated Wayyiqtol

#RootPGNRefForm
1גלהPerfect 3msAmos 1:5
✓Perfect 3msהֻגְלָהQibbuts prefix; ends in ָה (Qamets + ה mater)
2גלהImperfect 3ms—
✓Imperfect 3msיֻגְלֶהQibbuts under יֻ; ends in ֶה (Seghol + ה mater)
3גלהWayyiqtol 3ms2 Kgs 15:29
✓Wayyiqtol 3msוַיֻּגֶלApocopated — ה dropped; ends in ל with Seghol; Qibbuts under doubled prefix יּ
4גלהParticiple ms—
✓Participle msמֻגְלֶהמֻ prefix; ends in ֶה (Seghol + ה mater)
5גלהPerfect 3cp—
✓Perfect 3cpהֻגְלוּIII-ה Hophal Pf 3cp: final ה contracts; וּ takes its place (same pattern as III-ה Qal Pf 3cp)
6גלהImperfect 3mp—
✓Imperfect 3mpיֻגְלוּIII-ה Impf 3mp: ה ending drops; וּ 3mp suffix; contrast Impf 3ms יֻגְלֶה (ends ֶה)
7גלהImperative ms—
✓Imperative msהֻגְלֵהIII-ה Imp. ms uses Seghol (הֻגְלֵה) — NOT Qamets like the Perfect 3ms (הֻגְלָה); this is the ONE distinctive form
8גלהInf. Construct—
✓Inf. ConstructהֻגְלוֹתIII-ה Hophal Inf. Constr. = -וֹת ending (הֻגְלוֹת) — unique form unlike other roots where Inf. Constr. = Pf 3ms
9גלהPerfect 3fs—
✓Perfect 3fsהֻגְלְתָהIII-ה Pf 3fs: ה of 3ms replaced by תָה suffix; contrast 3ms הֻגְלָה (ends in ָה with Qamets)
10גלהImperfect 3fs / 2ms—
✓Imperfect 3fs / 2msתֻּגְלֶהIII-ה Impf 3fs/2ms: תּ prefix + Qibbuts; ends in ֶה mater; same form as 3ms but ת prefix instead of י
11גלהImperfect 1cs—
✓Imperfect 1csאֻגְלֶהIII-ה Impf 1cs: א prefix + Qibbuts; ends in ֶה; contrast 1cp נֻגְלֶה (נ prefix)
12גלהImperfect 1cp—
✓Imperfect 1cpנֻגְלֶהIII-ה Impf 1cp: נ prefix + Qibbuts; ends in ֶה; contrast 1cs אֻגְלֶה (א prefix)
13גלהPerfect 1cs—
✓Perfect 1csהֻגְלֵיתִיIII-ה Pf 1cs: root ה dropped; ֵיתִי suffix; Qibbuts prefix (הֻ); contrast 1cp הֻגְלֵינוּ (ֵינוּ suffix)
14גלהPerfect 1cp—
✓Perfect 1cpהֻגְלֵינוּIII-ה Pf 1cp: root ה dropped; ֵינוּ suffix; Qibbuts prefix (הֻ); contrast 1cs הֻגְלֵיתִי (ֵיתִי suffix)
15גלהParticiple mp—
✓Participle mpמֻגְלִיםIII-ה Ptc mp: ֶה mater drops entirely; ים plural added; contrast ms מֻגְלֶה (ends ֶה)

Part F — III-ח/ע (Root: שׁלח) — Qibbuts prefix; Pathach furtive before final ח

#RootPGNRefForm
1שׁלחPerfect 3ms—
✓Perfect 3msהֻשְׁלַחQibbuts prefix; Pathach under R2 (ל); final ח
2שׁלחImperfect 3msJob 18:8
✓Imperfect 3msיֻשְׁלַחQibbuts under יֻ; Pathach furtive before final ח
3שׁלחParticiple msIsa 27:10
✓Participle msמֻשְׁלָחמֻ prefix; Qamets under R2 (ל); final ח (OT: Isa 27:10)
4שׁלחPerfect 3cp—
✓Perfect 3cpהֻשְׁלְחוּQibbuts prefix; Shewa under ל before vowelless ח; וּ plural
5שׁלחImperfect 3mp—
✓Imperfect 3mpיֻשְׁלְחוּQibbuts under יֻ; Shewa under ל; וּ 3mp; no Pathach furtive before ח in the plural
6שׁלחParticiple fs—
✓Participle fsמֻשְׁלַחַתמֻ prefix; Pathach under R2 (ל); Pathach furtive before final ח; ת feminine ending
7שׁלחImperative ms—
✓Imperative msהֻשְׁלַחHophal Imp. ms = Perfect 3ms form (הֻשְׁלַח); Qibbuts prefix; Pathach before ח — same in both
8שׁלחInf. Construct—
✓Inf. ConstructהֻשְׁלַחHophal Inf. Constr. = Perfect 3ms form (הֻשְׁלַח); identical to Imperative ms
9שׁלחPerfect 3fs—
✓Perfect 3fsהֻשְׁלְחָהQibbuts prefix; Shewa under ל + ח + ָה fem. ending; no Pathach furtive in 3fs (ח is not word-final)
10שׁלחImperfect 3fs / 2ms—
✓Imperfect 3fs / 2msתֻּשְׁלַחתּ prefix + Qibbuts (תֻּ); Pathach furtive before final ח; 3fs and 2ms share this form
11שׁלחImperfect 1cs—
✓Imperfect 1csאֻשְׁלַחא prefix + Qibbuts (אֻ); Pathach furtive before final ח
12שׁלחImperfect 1cp—
✓Imperfect 1cpנֻשְׁלַחנ prefix + Qibbuts (נֻ); Pathach furtive before final ח
13שׁלחPerfect 1cs—
✓Perfect 1csהֻשְׁלַחְתִּיQibbuts prefix; Pathach under ל; final ח retained; תִּי suffix
14שׁלחPerfect 1cp—
✓Perfect 1cpהֻשְׁלַחְנוּQibbuts prefix; Pathach under ל; final ח retained; נוּ suffix
15שׁלחParticiple mp—
✓Participle mpמֻשְׁלָחִיםמֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Qamets under ל + ח + ים plural; contrast ms מֻשְׁלָח, fs מֻשְׁלַחַת

Part G — III-א (Root: מצא) — Qibbuts prefix; Qamets before silent final א

#RootPGNRefForm
1מצאPerfect 3ms—
✓Perfect 3msהֻמְצָאQibbuts prefix; Qamets (not Pathach) before silent final א (compensatory lengthening)
2מצאImperfect 3ms—
✓Imperfect 3msיֻמְצָאQibbuts under יֻ; Qamets before silent final א
3מצאParticiple ms—
✓Participle msמֻמְצָאמֻ prefix; Qamets before silent final א (compensatory lengthening)
4מצאPerfect 3cp—
✓Perfect 3cpהֻמְצְאוּQibbuts prefix; Shewa under מ; quiescent א; וּ plural (א remains silent throughout)
5מצאImperfect 3mp—
✓Imperfect 3mpיֻמְצְאוּQibbuts under יֻ; Shewa under מ; quiescent א + וּ; contrast 3ms יֻמְצָא (Qamets before silent א)
6מצאParticiple fs—
✓Participle fsמֻמְצֵאתמֻ prefix; Tsere before silent final א; ת feminine ending
7מצאImperative ms—
✓Imperative msהֻמְצָאHophal Imp. ms = Perfect 3ms form (הֻמְצָא); Qibbuts prefix; Qamets before silent א — same in both
8מצאInf. Construct—
✓Inf. ConstructהֻמְצָאHophal Inf. Constr. = Perfect 3ms form (הֻמְצָא); also identical to Imperative ms
9מצאPerfect 3fs—
✓Perfect 3fsהֻמְצְאָהQibbuts prefix; Shewa under מ + צ + quiescent א + ָה fem. ending
10מצאImperfect 3fs / 2ms—
✓Imperfect 3fs / 2msתֻּמְצָאתּ prefix + Qibbuts (תֻּ); Qamets before silent final א; 3fs and 2ms share this form
11מצאImperfect 1cs—
✓Imperfect 1csאֻמְצָאא prefix + Qibbuts (אֻ); Qamets before silent final א
12מצאImperfect 1cp—
✓Imperfect 1cpנֻמְצָאנ prefix + Qibbuts (נֻ); Qamets before silent final א
13מצאPerfect 1cs—
✓Perfect 1csהֻמְצֵאתִיQibbuts prefix; Tsere before quiescent א; תִּי suffix; III-א with suffix: א stays as consonant (Tsere replaces Qamets)
14מצאPerfect 1cp—
✓Perfect 1cpהֻמְצֵאנוּQibbuts prefix; Tsere before quiescent א; נוּ suffix
15מצאParticiple mp—
✓Participle mpמֻמְצָאִיםמֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Qamets before quiescent א + ים plural; contrast ms מֻמְצָא, fs מֻמְצֵאת

Part H — Geminate (Root: קלל) — Qibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in R2 (= R3)

#RootPGNRefForm
1קללPerfect 3ms—
✓Perfect 3msהֻקַּלQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ק (R2); contrast הוּקַם (Biconsonantal — Shureq)
2קללImperfect 3ms—
✓Imperfect 3msיֻקַּלQibbuts under יֻ; Dagesh forte in ק
cf. Gen 4:15: יֻקַּל שִׁבְעָתַיִם
3קללParticiple ms—
✓Participle msמֻקָּלמֻ prefix; Dagesh forte in ל (R2=R3); Qamets under ל; contrast מוּקָם (Biconsonantal — Shureq)
4קללPerfect 3cp—
✓Perfect 3cpהֻקְּלוּQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ק (R2=R3 geminate contraction); Shewa under ק; וּ plural
5קללImperfect 3mp—
✓Imperfect 3mpיֻקְּלוּQibbuts under יֻ; Dagesh forte in ל (R2=R3 geminate); וּ 3mp; compare Pf 3cp הֻקְּלוּ — same ending
6קללParticiple fs—
✓Participle fsמֻקֶּלֶתמֻ prefix; Dagesh forte in ק (geminate R2); Seghol + ת feminine; contrast Biconsonantal fs מוּקֶמֶת (Shureq)
7קללImperative ms—
✓Imperative msהֻקַּלHophal Imp. ms = Perfect 3ms form (הֻקַּל); Qibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ל (R2=R3) in both
8קללInf. Construct—
✓Inf. ConstructהֻקַּלHophal Inf. Constr. = Perfect 3ms form (הֻקַּל); also identical to Imperative ms
9קללPerfect 3fs—
✓Perfect 3fsהֻקְּלָהQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ל (R2=R3 geminate); Shewa under ל + ָה fem. ending; contrast 3ms הֻקַּל (Pathach)
10קללImperfect 3fs / 2ms—
✓Imperfect 3fs / 2msתֻּקַּלתּ prefix + Qibbuts (תֻּ); Dagesh forte in ל (R2=R3); 3fs and 2ms share this form
11קללImperfect 1cs—
✓Imperfect 1csאֻקַּלא prefix + Qibbuts (אֻ); Dagesh forte in ל (R2=R3); contrast Biconsonantal אוּקַם (Shureq, no Dagesh)
12קללImperfect 1cp—
✓Imperfect 1cpנֻקַּלנ prefix + Qibbuts (נֻ); Dagesh forte in ק; contrast Biconsonantal נוּקַם (Shureq, no Dagesh)
13קללPerfect 1cs—
✓Perfect 1csהֻקַּלְתִּיQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ק; תִּי suffix; contrast Biconsonantal הוּקַמְתִּי (Shureq)
14קללPerfect 1cp—
✓Perfect 1cpהֻקַּלְנוּQibbuts prefix; Dagesh forte in ק; נוּ suffix; contrast Biconsonantal הוּקַמְנוּ (Shureq)
15קללParticiple mp—
✓Participle mpמֻקָּלִיםמֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in ק; Qamets + ים plural; contrast Biconsonantal מוּקָמִים (Shureq, no Dagesh)