Chapter 29 — Hophal Weak-Form Identification Drill

BBH Chapter 29 · Hophal Weak Verbs

For each form: (1) identify the weak class, (2) parse (conjugation + PGN), (3) identify the root.

Class	Key diagnostic signal
I-yod/vav	שׁוּרֶק prefix (הוּ / יוּ / מוּ); R1 yod/vav quiesces and disappears
Biconsonantal (hollow)	שׁוּרֶק prefix (הוּ / יוּ) — same as I-yod; medial root vowel is the key to distinguishing: hollow root has vav/yod as R2
I-nun	קִבּוּץ prefix (הֻ / יֻּ) + dagesh forte in R2 throughout — נ has assimilated into R2
III-he	קִבּוּץ prefix (הֻ) + Qamets-he ending (perfect 3ms); וּ plural (perfect 3cp); Seghol-he (imperfect/participle)
I-guttural	קִבּוּץ or שׁוּרֶק prefix; composite Shewa (hateph vowel) under R1 guttural throughout
Geminate	שׁוּרֶק or קִבּוּץ prefix; dagesh forte in final root consonant (R2=R3 contraction); root has identical R2 and R3
III-ח/ע (Lamed-Guttural)	קִבּוּץ prefix (הֻ); R3 is ח or ע — guttural refuses dagesh forte; preceding vowel Pathach (virtual doubling / compensatory lengthening)
III-א (Lamed-Alef)	קִבּוּץ or שׁוּרֶק prefix; R3 is א (quiesces silently); preceding vowel typically Qamets (ָ) or Tsere (ֵ)

Key distinction: I-yod/vav and Biconsonantal (hollow) roots both use שׁוּרֶק as their Hophal prefix vowel — unlike most other weak classes which retain קִבּוּץ. The reason: in both classes R1 is a quiescent consonant (yod/vav), so the vowel lengthens to compensate.

Part A — By Class

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
1	הוּרַד	Gen 39:1
1	הוּרַד	Gen 39:1	Perfect	3ms	יָרַד	— he was brought down; שׁוּרֶק prefix (הוּ) is the I-yod/vav Hophal marker; R1 yod has quiesced
2	יוּרַד	Gen 44:29
2	יוּרַד	Gen 44:29	Imperfect	3ms	יָרַד	— he will be brought down; שׁוּרֶק under imperfect prefix consonant (יוּ) — I-yod/vav pattern
3	הוּבָא	Lev 4:4
3	הוּבָא	Lev 4:4	Perfect	3ms	בּוֹא	— it was brought; הוּ prefix; root בּוֹא is I-vav (hollow); III-aleph: silent final א
4	הוּבְאוּ	Gen 43:18
4	הוּבְאוּ	Gen 43:18	Perfect	3cp	בּוֹא	— they were brought; הוּ prefix + וּ plural ending; I-vav root
5	מוּבָאִים	Gen 43:18
5	מוּבָאִים	Gen 43:18	Participle	mp	בּוֹא	— being brought; מוּ prefix (שׁוּרֶק under מ) is the I-yod/vav Hophal participle marker; ים plural

Form

Reference

Conjugation

PGN

Root

הוּרַד

Gen 39:1

הוּרַד

Gen 39:1

Perfect

3ms

יָרַד

— he was brought down; שׁוּרֶק prefix (הוּ) is the I-yod/vav Hophal marker; R1 yod has quiesced

יוּרַד

Gen 44:29

יוּרַד

Gen 44:29

Imperfect

3ms

יָרַד

— he will be brought down; שׁוּרֶק under imperfect prefix consonant (יוּ) — I-yod/vav pattern

הוּבָא

Lev 4:4

הוּבָא

Lev 4:4

Perfect

3ms

בּוֹא

— it was brought; הוּ prefix; root בּוֹא is I-vav (hollow); III-aleph: silent final א

הוּבְאוּ

Gen 43:18

הוּבְאוּ

Gen 43:18

Perfect

3cp

בּוֹא

— they were brought; הוּ prefix + וּ plural ending; I-vav root

מוּבָאִים

Gen 43:18

מוּבָאִים

Gen 43:18

Participle

בּוֹא

— being brought; מוּ prefix (שׁוּרֶק under מ) is the I-yod/vav Hophal participle marker; ים plural

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
6	הוּקַם	Exo 40:17
6	הוּקַם	Exo 40:17	Perfect	3ms	קוּם	— it was set up/erected; הוּ prefix; hollow biconsonantal root (medial וּ vowel letter)
7	יוּמַת	Gen 26:11
7	יוּמַת	Gen 26:11	Imperfect	3ms	מוּת	— he shall be put to death; יוּ prefix — biconsonantal Hophal imperfect; hollow root מוּת
8	הוּסַר	Lev 4:31
8	הוּסַר	Lev 4:31	Perfect	3ms	סוּר	— it was removed; הוּ prefix; hollow root סוּר; "the fat was removed"
9	הוּשַׁב	Gen 42:28
9	הוּשַׁב	Gen 42:28	Perfect	3ms	שׁוּב	— it was returned/restored; הוּ prefix; hollow root שׁוּב; "my silver was returned"
10	יּוּשַׂם	Gen 24:33
10	יּוּשַׂם	Gen 24:33	Wayyiqtol	3ms	שִׂים	— and food was set before him; יּוּ prefix (wayyiqtol) — dagesh in יּ + שׁוּרֶק; hollow/biconsonantal root שִׂים

Form

Reference

Conjugation

PGN

Root

הוּקַם

Exo 40:17

הוּקַם

Exo 40:17

Perfect

3ms

קוּם

— it was set up/erected; הוּ prefix; hollow biconsonantal root (medial וּ vowel letter)

יוּמַת

Gen 26:11

יוּמַת

Gen 26:11

Imperfect

3ms

מוּת

— he shall be put to death; יוּ prefix — biconsonantal Hophal imperfect; hollow root מוּת

הוּסַר

Lev 4:31

הוּסַר

Lev 4:31

Perfect

3ms

סוּר

— it was removed; הוּ prefix; hollow root סוּר; "the fat was removed"

הוּשַׁב

Gen 42:28

הוּשַׁב

Gen 42:28

Perfect

3ms

שׁוּב

— it was returned/restored; הוּ prefix; hollow root שׁוּב; "my silver was returned"

יּוּשַׂם

Gen 24:33

יּוּשַׂם

Gen 24:33

Wayyiqtol

3ms

שִׂים

— and food was set before him; יּוּ prefix (wayyiqtol) — dagesh in יּ + שׁוּרֶק; hollow/biconsonantal root שִׂים

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
11	וַיֻּגַּד	Gen 22:20
11	וַיֻּגַּד	Gen 22:20	Wayyiqtol	3ms	נָגַד	— and it was told; וַיֻּ prefix (wayyiqtol) + קִבּוּץ + dagesh forte in R2 (ג) — נ has assimilated
12	יֻּגַּד	Gen 38:13
12	יֻּגַּד	Gen 38:13	Imperfect	3ms	נָגַד	— it was told to Tamar; קִבּוּץ under prefix (יֻּ) + dagesh in R2 (ג) — I-nun assimilation
13	יֻּכּוּ	Exo 5:14
13	יֻּכּוּ	Exo 5:14	Wayyiqtol	3mp	נָכָה	— and they were beaten; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he root; וּ plural ending; "the taskmasters beat the Israelite foremen"
14	יֻּתַּן	Lev 11:38
14	יֻּתַּן	Lev 11:38	Imperfect	3ms	נָתַן	— if water is put on the seed; קִבּוּץ prefix + dagesh in R2 (תּ) — I-nun; the second נ of נָתַן also assimilates, causing extra dagesh in R3
15	יֻּקַּם	Gen 4:15
15	יֻּקַּם	Gen 4:15	Imperfect	3ms	נָקַם	— he will be avenged; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (קּ) — I-nun: נ of נָקַם has assimilated; "Cain will be avenged sevenfold"

Form

Reference

Conjugation

PGN

Root

וַיֻּגַּד

Gen 22:20

וַיֻּגַּד

Gen 22:20

Wayyiqtol

3ms

נָגַד

— and it was told; וַיֻּ prefix (wayyiqtol) + קִבּוּץ + dagesh forte in R2 (ג) — נ has assimilated

יֻּגַּד

Gen 38:13

יֻּגַּד

Gen 38:13

Imperfect

3ms

נָגַד

— it was told to Tamar; קִבּוּץ under prefix (יֻּ) + dagesh in R2 (ג) — I-nun assimilation

יֻּכּוּ

Exo 5:14

יֻּכּוּ

Exo 5:14

Wayyiqtol

3mp

נָכָה

— and they were beaten; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he root; וּ plural ending; "the taskmasters beat the Israelite foremen"

יֻּתַּן

Lev 11:38

יֻּתַּן

Lev 11:38

Imperfect

3ms

נָתַן

— if water is put on the seed; קִבּוּץ prefix + dagesh in R2 (תּ) — I-nun; the second נ of נָתַן also assimilates, causing extra dagesh in R3

יֻּקַּם

Gen 4:15

יֻּקַּם

Gen 4:15

Imperfect

3ms

נָקַם

— he will be avenged; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (קּ) — I-nun: נ of נָקַם has assimilated; "Cain will be avenged sevenfold"

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
16	הֻגְלָה	Amos 1:5
16	הֻגְלָה	Amos 1:5	Perfect	3ms	גָּלָה	— the people of Aram were exiled; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + III-he: Qamets-he ending
17	הֻגְלוּ	Jer 29:1
17	הֻגְלוּ	Jer 29:1	Perfect	3cp	גָּלָה	— those who were exiled from Jerusalem; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + וּ plural (III-he 3cp Qatal pattern: ה→ וּ)
18	מוּכָּה	Deut 28:27
18	מוּכָּה	Deut 28:27	Participle	fs	נָכָה	— stricken (with); מוּ prefix (I-yod/nun in participle); dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he: ה ending on feminine participle
19	יֻּכֶּה	Exo 21:20
19	יֻּכֶּה	Exo 21:20	Imperfect	3ms	נָכָה	— if he is struck/beaten; קִבּוּץ prefix + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he: Seghol-he ending in imperfect
20	הֻלַּד	Exo 1:22
20	הֻלַּד	Exo 1:22	Perfect	3ms	יָלַד	— every son who is born; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + dagesh in R2 (לּ); root יָלַד is I-yod; the dagesh assimilates the yod's behavior in Hophal

Form

Reference

Conjugation

PGN

Root

הֻגְלָה

Amos 1:5

הֻגְלָה

Amos 1:5

Perfect

3ms

גָּלָה

— the people of Aram were exiled; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + III-he: Qamets-he ending

הֻגְלוּ

Jer 29:1

הֻגְלוּ

Jer 29:1

Perfect

3cp

גָּלָה

— those who were exiled from Jerusalem; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + וּ plural (III-he 3cp Qatal pattern: ה→ וּ)

מוּכָּה

Deut 28:27

מוּכָּה

Deut 28:27

Participle

נָכָה

— stricken (with); מוּ prefix (I-yod/nun in participle); dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he: ה ending on feminine participle

יֻּכֶּה

Exo 21:20

יֻּכֶּה

Exo 21:20

Imperfect

3ms

נָכָה

— if he is struck/beaten; קִבּוּץ prefix + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he: Seghol-he ending in imperfect

הֻלַּד

Exo 1:22

הֻלַּד

Exo 1:22

Perfect

3ms

יָלַד

— every son who is born; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + dagesh in R2 (לּ); root יָלַד is I-yod; the dagesh assimilates the yod's behavior in Hophal

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
21	הוּחַל	Gen 4:26
21	הוּחַל	Gen 4:26	Perfect	3ms	חָלַל	— it was begun/profaned; הוּ prefix; guttural ח: no dagesh, takes full vowel (Pathach under ח); "then it was begun to call on the name of YHWH"
22	יָחֳרַם	Ezr 10:8
22	יָחֳרַם	Ezr 10:8	Imperfect	3ms	חָרַם	— his property will be forfeited/devoted; I-guttural: hateph-Qamets under ח (יָ + חֳ); "all his property will be devoted to destruction"
23	הֻחְלָה	1 Sam 21:6
23	הֻחְלָה	1 Sam 21:6	Perfect	3fs	חָלָה	— it had been set apart/consecrated; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + Shewa under guttural ח + III-he ה ending (fs suffix)
24	הֻאֲמַן	2 Chr 9:8
24	הֻאֲמַן	2 Chr 9:8	Perfect	3ms	אָמַן	— he was found faithful/established; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + Hateph Pathach under guttural א — I-aleph (I-guttural); "because your God has set you…on his throne"
25	יֶֽחֱטָא	Num 15:28
25	יֶֽחֱטָא	Num 15:28	Imperfect	3ms	חָטָא	— he will be cleansed/pardoned; I-guttural: hateph-Seghol under ח; III-aleph: silent final א; "the priest shall make atonement and he will be forgiven"

Form

Reference

Conjugation

PGN

Root

הוּחַל

Gen 4:26

הוּחַל

Gen 4:26

Perfect

3ms

חָלַל

— it was begun/profaned; הוּ prefix; guttural ח: no dagesh, takes full vowel (Pathach under ח); "then it was begun to call on the name of YHWH"

יָחֳרַם

Ezr 10:8

יָחֳרַם

Ezr 10:8

Imperfect

3ms

חָרַם

— his property will be forfeited/devoted; I-guttural: hateph-Qamets under ח (יָ + חֳ); "all his property will be devoted to destruction"

הֻחְלָה

1 Sam 21:6

הֻחְלָה

1 Sam 21:6

Perfect

3fs

חָלָה

— it had been set apart/consecrated; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + Shewa under guttural ח + III-he ה ending (fs suffix)

הֻאֲמַן

2 Chr 9:8

הֻאֲמַן

2 Chr 9:8

Perfect

3ms

אָמַן

— he was found faithful/established; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + Hateph Pathach under guttural א — I-aleph (I-guttural); "because your God has set you…on his throne"

יֶֽחֱטָא

Num 15:28

יֶֽחֱטָא

Num 15:28

Imperfect

3ms

חָטָא

— he will be cleansed/pardoned; I-guttural: hateph-Seghol under ח; III-aleph: silent final א; "the priest shall make atonement and he will be forgiven"

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
26	הוּסַב	2 Sam 3:12
26	הוּסַב	2 Sam 3:12	Perfect	3ms	סָבַב	— the kingdom was turned over; הוּ prefix; geminate root ס-ב-ב (R2=R3); שׁוּרֶק form of Hophal geminate
27	מוּסַבּוֹת	Num 32:38
27	מוּסַבּוֹת	Num 32:38	Participle	fp	סָבַב	— their names having been changed/surrounded; מוּ prefix + dagesh forte in R3 (בּ) — geminate contraction; feminine plural וֹת ending
28	הֻסַּב	1 Kgs 2:15
28	הֻסַּב	1 Kgs 2:15	Perfect	3ms	סָבַב	— the kingdom was turned over; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + dagesh forte in R2 (סּ) — alternate geminate Hophal form; contrast הוּסַב (item 26) which uses שׁוּרֶק
29	יֻּתַּם	2 Sam 20:18
29	יֻּתַּם	2 Sam 20:18	Imperfect	3ms	תָּמַם	— a matter will be completed/finished; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (תּ) — geminate root ת-מ-מ (R2=R3)
30	יֻּכַּל	Num 13:30
30	יֻּכַּל	Num 13:30	Imperfect	3ms	כָּלַל	— it will be completed/able to be done; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — geminate root כ-ל-ל; "we are well able to overcome it"

Form

Reference

Conjugation

PGN

Root

הוּסַב

2 Sam 3:12

הוּסַב

2 Sam 3:12

Perfect

3ms

סָבַב

— the kingdom was turned over; הוּ prefix; geminate root ס-ב-ב (R2=R3); שׁוּרֶק form of Hophal geminate

מוּסַבּוֹת

Num 32:38

מוּסַבּוֹת

Num 32:38

Participle

סָבַב

— their names having been changed/surrounded; מוּ prefix + dagesh forte in R3 (בּ) — geminate contraction; feminine plural וֹת ending

הֻסַּב

1 Kgs 2:15

הֻסַּב

1 Kgs 2:15

Perfect

3ms

סָבַב

— the kingdom was turned over; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + dagesh forte in R2 (סּ) — alternate geminate Hophal form; contrast הוּסַב (item 26) which uses שׁוּרֶק

יֻּתַּם

2 Sam 20:18

יֻּתַּם

2 Sam 20:18

Imperfect

3ms

תָּמַם

— a matter will be completed/finished; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (תּ) — geminate root ת-מ-מ (R2=R3)

יֻּכַּל

Num 13:30

יֻּכַּל

Num 13:30

Imperfect

3ms

כָּלַל

— it will be completed/able to be done; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — geminate root כ-ל-ל; "we are well able to overcome it"

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
31	וַתֻּקַּח	Gen 12:15
31	וַתֻּקַּח	Gen 12:15	Wayyiqtol	3fs	לָקַח	— Sarai was taken; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (ק) — ל of לָקַח assimilates (like I-nun); R3 ח (lamed-guttural) refuses dagesh; Pathach under ח (compensatory lengthening)
32	יֻקַּח	Job 28:2
32	יֻקַּח	Job 28:2	Imperfect	3ms	לָקַח	— iron is taken from the earth; קִבּוּץ prefix + dagesh in R2 (ק) from ל-assimilation; R3 ח cannot take dagesh; Pathach under final ח is the III-ח/ע diagnostic
33	הֻמְלַחַתְּ	Ezk 16:4
33	הֻמְלַחַתְּ	Ezk 16:4	Perfect	2fs	מָלַח	— you were not salted at birth; קִבּוּץ under הֻ; mobile Shewa under מ (R1); R3 ח (lamed-guttural) takes Pathach furtive — cannot receive dagesh; 2fs suffix תּ
34	יֻשְׁלַח	(paradigmatic)
34	יֻשְׁלַח	(paradigmatic)	Imperfect	3ms	שָׁלַח	— he will be sent (paradigmatic); קִבּוּץ prefix + Shewa under שׁ (R1); R3 ח guttural refuses dagesh — Pathach under final ח; contrast strong יֻקְטַל
35	מֻשְׁלַחַת	(paradigmatic)
35	מֻשְׁלַחַת	(paradigmatic)	Participle	fs	שָׁלַח	— she who is dismissed / sent away (paradigmatic); מֻ prefix (Hophal Ptc marker); R3 ח guttural: Pathach under ח + Pathach furtive before ח + ת suffix — compare strong מֻקְטֶלֶת

Form

Reference

Conjugation

PGN

Root

וַתֻּקַּח

Gen 12:15

וַתֻּקַּח

Gen 12:15

Wayyiqtol

3fs

לָקַח

— Sarai was taken; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (ק) — ל of לָקַח assimilates (like I-nun); R3 ח (lamed-guttural) refuses dagesh; Pathach under ח (compensatory lengthening)

יֻקַּח

Job 28:2

יֻקַּח

Job 28:2

Imperfect

3ms

לָקַח

— iron is taken from the earth; קִבּוּץ prefix + dagesh in R2 (ק) from ל-assimilation; R3 ח cannot take dagesh; Pathach under final ח is the III-ח/ע diagnostic

הֻמְלַחַתְּ

Ezk 16:4

הֻמְלַחַתְּ

Ezk 16:4

Perfect

2fs

מָלַח

— you were not salted at birth; קִבּוּץ under הֻ; mobile Shewa under מ (R1); R3 ח (lamed-guttural) takes Pathach furtive — cannot receive dagesh; 2fs suffix תּ

יֻשְׁלַח

(paradigmatic)

יֻשְׁלַח

(paradigmatic)

Imperfect

3ms

שָׁלַח

— he will be sent (paradigmatic); קִבּוּץ prefix + Shewa under שׁ (R1); R3 ח guttural refuses dagesh — Pathach under final ח; contrast strong יֻקְטַל

מֻשְׁלַחַת

(paradigmatic)

מֻשְׁלַחַת

(paradigmatic)

Participle

שָׁלַח

— she who is dismissed / sent away (paradigmatic); מֻ prefix (Hophal Ptc marker); R3 ח guttural: Pathach under ח + Pathach furtive before ח + ת suffix — compare strong מֻקְטֶלֶת

#	Form	Reference	Conjugation	PGN	Root
36	מוּצֵאת	Gen 38:25
36	מוּצֵאת	Gen 38:25	Participle	fs	יָצָא	— being brought out (Tamar); מוּ prefix (שׁוּרֶק) = Hophal Ptc from I-yod root יָצָא; R3 א (III-aleph) quiesces silently after Tsere (ֵ); feminine ת suffix
37	הוּצָאָה	Ezk 38:8
37	הוּצָאָה	Ezk 38:8	Perfect	3fs	יָצָא	— it was brought forth; הוּ prefix (שׁוּרֶק) — I-yod root יָצָא; R3 א quiesces after Qamets (ָ); feminine 3fs suffix ָה
38	מוּצָאוֹת	Jer 38:22
38	מוּצָאוֹת	Jer 38:22	Participle	fp	יָצָא	— the women being brought out; מוּ prefix (Hophal Ptc); R3 א quiesces after Qamets (ָ); feminine plural וֹת ending; I-yod root יָצָא (שׁוּרֶק in prefix)
39	הֻמְצָא	(paradigmatic)
39	הֻמְצָא	(paradigmatic)	Perfect	3ms	מָצָא	— it was found (paradigmatic); קִבּוּץ under הֻ; Shewa under מ (R1); R3 א (III-aleph) quiesces silently after Qamets (ָ); contrast attested יָצָא forms above
40	יֻמְצָא	(paradigmatic)
40	יֻמְצָא	(paradigmatic)	Imperfect	3ms	מָצָא	— it will be found (paradigmatic); קִבּוּץ prefix (יֻ); Shewa under מ (R1); final א quiesces after Qamets — the only visible III-aleph diagnostic is the Qamets (ָ) before א

Form

Reference

Conjugation

PGN

Root

מוּצֵאת

Gen 38:25

מוּצֵאת

Gen 38:25

Participle

יָצָא

— being brought out (Tamar); מוּ prefix (שׁוּרֶק) = Hophal Ptc from I-yod root יָצָא; R3 א (III-aleph) quiesces silently after Tsere (ֵ); feminine ת suffix

הוּצָאָה

Ezk 38:8

הוּצָאָה

Ezk 38:8

Perfect

3fs

יָצָא

— it was brought forth; הוּ prefix (שׁוּרֶק) — I-yod root יָצָא; R3 א quiesces after Qamets (ָ); feminine 3fs suffix ָה

מוּצָאוֹת

Jer 38:22

מוּצָאוֹת

Jer 38:22

Participle

יָצָא

— the women being brought out; מוּ prefix (Hophal Ptc); R3 א quiesces after Qamets (ָ); feminine plural וֹת ending; I-yod root יָצָא (שׁוּרֶק in prefix)

הֻמְצָא

(paradigmatic)

הֻמְצָא

(paradigmatic)

Perfect

3ms

מָצָא

— it was found (paradigmatic); קִבּוּץ under הֻ; Shewa under מ (R1); R3 א (III-aleph) quiesces silently after Qamets (ָ); contrast attested יָצָא forms above

יֻמְצָא

(paradigmatic)

יֻמְצָא

(paradigmatic)

Imperfect

3ms

מָצָא

— it will be found (paradigmatic); קִבּוּץ prefix (יֻ); Shewa under מ (R1); final א quiesces after Qamets — the only visible III-aleph diagnostic is the Qamets (ָ) before א

Part B — Mixed

#	Form	Reference	Weak class	Conjugation	PGN	Root
41	הוּבָא	Gen 33:11
41	הוּבָא	Gen 33:11	I-vav / Biconsonantal	Perfect	3ms	בּוֹא	— the gift was brought to him; הוּ prefix; root בּוֹא is I-vav and hollow
42	יֻּגַּד	Gen 48:2
42	יֻּגַּד	Gen 48:2	I-nun	Imperfect	3ms	נָגַד	— it was told to Jacob; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (ג) — נ of נָגַד has assimilated
43	יוּמַת	Lev 20:2
43	יוּמַת	Lev 20:2	Biconsonantal	Imperfect	3ms	מוּת	— he shall be put to death; יוּ prefix — hollow biconsonantal Hophal imperfect
44	הֻגְלוּ	2 Kgs 17:23
44	הֻגְלוּ	2 Kgs 17:23	III-he	Perfect	3cp	גָּלָה	— Israel was exiled from its land; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + וּ plural ending (III-he 3cp: ה drops, וּ takes its place)
45	הוּקַם	Num 7:1
45	הוּקַם	Num 7:1	Biconsonantal	Perfect	3ms	קוּם	— the tabernacle was erected; הוּ prefix; hollow root קוּם; medial vav vowel letter is the biconsonantal marker
46	הוּסַר	Lev 6:4
46	הוּסַר	Lev 6:4	Biconsonantal	Perfect	3ms	סוּר	— the ashes shall be removed; הוּ prefix; hollow root סוּר; distinguish from Geminate: no R2=R3
47	יֻּכּוּ	Num 14:12
47	יֻּכּוּ	Num 14:12	I-nun + III-he	Wayyiqtol	3mp	נָכָה	— and they were struck; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he root; וּ plural; note both weak classes interact
48	הוּרַד	1 Sam 30:24
48	הוּרַד	1 Sam 30:24	I-yod	Perfect	3ms	יָרַד	— the share of the one who stayed with the baggage; הוּ prefix; R1 yod has quiesced; "so his share shall be equal"
49	הוּחַל	Gen 4:26
49	הוּחַל	Gen 4:26	I-guttural	Perfect	3ms	חָלַל	— it was begun; הוּ prefix; guttural ח: no dagesh, full vowel (Pathach) replaces Shewa under R1
50	הוּסַב	Josh 15:3
50	הוּסַב	Josh 15:3	Geminate	Perfect	3ms	סָבַב	— it turned/went around; הוּ prefix; root ס-ב-ב has R2=R3 (geminate) — this is the only reliable distinguisher from biconsonantal הוּסַר (root סוּר: hollow, not geminate)
51	תּוּרַד	Isa 14:15
51	תּוּרַד	Isa 14:15	I-yod / I-vav	Imperfect	2ms	יָרַד	— you will be brought down to Sheol; תּוּ prefix = 2ms Hophal Impf; שׁוּרֶק marks I-yod/vav class; R1 yod has quiesced
52	הוּמְתוּ	2 Sam 21:9
52	הוּמְתוּ	2 Sam 21:9	Biconsonantal	Perfect	3cp	מוּת	— they were put to death; הוּ prefix (Biconsonantal Hophal Pf) + 3cp ending וּ; contrast 3ms יוּמַת (item 7)
53	הֻגַּדְתִּי	(paradigmatic)
53	הֻגַּדְתִּי	(paradigmatic)	I-nun	Perfect	1cs	נָגַד	— I was told; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + dagesh forte in R2 (גּ) from I-nun assimilation + 1cs suffix תִּי
54	הֻגְלֵיתֶם	(paradigmatic)
54	הֻגְלֵיתֶם	(paradigmatic)	III-he	Perfect	2mp	גָּלָה	— you (pl.) were exiled; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + III-he: Tsere-yod pattern before 2mp suffix תֶם; compare 3cp הֻגְלוּ (item 17/34)
55	הוּרַדְנוּ	(paradigmatic)
55	הוּרַדְנוּ	(paradigmatic)	I-yod / I-vav	Perfect	1cp	יָרַד	— we were brought down; הוּ prefix (I-yod Hophal Pf) + 1cp suffix נוּ; R1 yod has quiesced

Form

Reference

Weak class

Conjugation

PGN

Root

הוּבָא

Gen 33:11

הוּבָא

Gen 33:11

I-vav / Biconsonantal

Perfect

3ms

בּוֹא

— the gift was brought to him; הוּ prefix; root בּוֹא is I-vav and hollow

יֻּגַּד

Gen 48:2

יֻּגַּד

Gen 48:2

I-nun

Imperfect

3ms

נָגַד

— it was told to Jacob; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (ג) — נ of נָגַד has assimilated

יוּמַת

Lev 20:2

יוּמַת

Lev 20:2

Biconsonantal

Imperfect

3ms

מוּת

— he shall be put to death; יוּ prefix — hollow biconsonantal Hophal imperfect

הֻגְלוּ

2 Kgs 17:23

הֻגְלוּ

2 Kgs 17:23

III-he

Perfect

3cp

גָּלָה

— Israel was exiled from its land; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + וּ plural ending (III-he 3cp: ה drops, וּ takes its place)

הוּקַם

Num 7:1

הוּקַם

Num 7:1

Biconsonantal

Perfect

3ms

קוּם

— the tabernacle was erected; הוּ prefix; hollow root קוּם; medial vav vowel letter is the biconsonantal marker

הוּסַר

Lev 6:4

הוּסַר

Lev 6:4

Biconsonantal

Perfect

3ms

סוּר

— the ashes shall be removed; הוּ prefix; hollow root סוּר; distinguish from Geminate: no R2=R3

יֻּכּוּ

Num 14:12

יֻּכּוּ

Num 14:12

I-nun + III-he

Wayyiqtol

3mp

נָכָה

— and they were struck; קִבּוּץ + dagesh in R2 (כּ) — I-nun; III-he root; וּ plural; note both weak classes interact

הוּרַד

1 Sam 30:24

הוּרַד

1 Sam 30:24

I-yod

Perfect

3ms

יָרַד

— the share of the one who stayed with the baggage; הוּ prefix; R1 yod has quiesced; "so his share shall be equal"

הוּחַל

Gen 4:26

הוּחַל

Gen 4:26

I-guttural

Perfect

3ms

חָלַל

— it was begun; הוּ prefix; guttural ח: no dagesh, full vowel (Pathach) replaces Shewa under R1

הוּסַב

Josh 15:3

הוּסַב

Josh 15:3

Geminate

Perfect

3ms

סָבַב

— it turned/went around; הוּ prefix; root ס-ב-ב has R2=R3 (geminate) — this is the only reliable distinguisher from biconsonantal הוּסַר (root סוּר: hollow, not geminate)

תּוּרַד

Isa 14:15

תּוּרַד

Isa 14:15

I-yod / I-vav

Imperfect

2ms

יָרַד

— you will be brought down to Sheol; תּוּ prefix = 2ms Hophal Impf; שׁוּרֶק marks I-yod/vav class; R1 yod has quiesced

הוּמְתוּ

2 Sam 21:9

הוּמְתוּ

2 Sam 21:9

Biconsonantal

Perfect

3cp

מוּת

— they were put to death; הוּ prefix (Biconsonantal Hophal Pf) + 3cp ending וּ; contrast 3ms יוּמַת (item 7)

הֻגַּדְתִּי

(paradigmatic)

הֻגַּדְתִּי

(paradigmatic)

I-nun

Perfect

1cs

נָגַד

— I was told; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + dagesh forte in R2 (גּ) from I-nun assimilation + 1cs suffix תִּי

הֻגְלֵיתֶם

(paradigmatic)

הֻגְלֵיתֶם

(paradigmatic)

III-he

Perfect

2mp

גָּלָה

— you (pl.) were exiled; קִבּוּץ under הֻ + III-he: Tsere-yod pattern before 2mp suffix תֶם; compare 3cp הֻגְלוּ (item 17/34)

הוּרַדְנוּ

(paradigmatic)

הוּרַדְנוּ

(paradigmatic)

I-yod / I-vav

Perfect

1cp

יָרַד

— we were brought down; הוּ prefix (I-yod Hophal Pf) + 1cp suffix נוּ; R1 yod has quiesced

Discussion Questions

The I-yod/vav Hophal (e.g., הוּרַד, הוּבָא) and the Biconsonantal (hollow) Hophal (e.g., הוּקַם, הוּסַר) both use שׁוּרֶק as the prefix vowel. What phonological principle explains why both classes abandon the usual קִבּוּץ prefix of the strong Hophal? What happens to R1 in each class?
Compare וַיֻּגַּד (I-nun Hophal wayyiqtol, item 11) and יֻּכּוּ (I-nun Hophal, item 13). Both have dagesh forte in R2. What caused that dagesh? What happened to the נ of each root? Does anything else unusual happen to יֻּכּוּ beyond the I-nun assimilation?
Items 16–17 (הֻגְלָה / הֻגְלוּ) and items 18–19 (מוּכָּה / יֻּכֶּה) all come from III-he roots. How does the III-he ending manifest in the Hophal perfect 3ms vs. 3cp? How does it appear in the participle vs. imperfect?
Items 26 and 28 (הוּסַב and הֻסַּב) are both Hophal forms of the same geminate root סָבַב but have different prefix vowels. What accounts for this variation? How do you distinguish the Geminate Hophal from the Biconsonantal Hophal when both may display שׁוּרֶק?
Write out the Hophal paradigm for מוּת (Biconsonantal hollow): Perfect 3ms, Imperfect 3ms, Wayyiqtol 3ms, Participle ms. For each form, identify the prefix vowel and explain how it differs from the strong Hophal (הֻקְטַל pattern).