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#deck:BBH::Morphology::Chapter 29 — Hophal Weak
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הוּקַם (Exo 40:17)	קום Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "the tabernacle was set up" — הוּ prefix (Shureq); biconsonantal: only ק + מ visible; Patach under R2 (ק); tabernacle dedication narrative; Hiphil הֵקִים = "Moses set up [the tabernacle]" (v.18)	hophal-perfect hophal-biconsonantal bbh-ch29
הוּשַׁב (Gen 43:12)	שׁוב Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "the silver that was returned in your bags" — הוּ prefix (Shureq); biconsonantal: only שׁ + ב visible; Patach under R2; Jacob's sons on second journey to Egypt	hophal-perfect hophal-biconsonantal bbh-ch29
הֻמְתוּ (2Sa 21:9)	מות Hophal+Perfect+3cp — "they were put to death" — הֻ prefix (Qibbuts, not Shureq — variant spelling before suffix); מְ + vocal shewa under מ; Gibeah, David hands over Saul's sons to the Gibeonites; note: Qibbuts (הֻ) rather than Shureq (הוּ) in this attested form	hophal-perfect hophal-biconsonantal bbh-ch29
יוּקַם (Num 9:15)	קום Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "on the day the tabernacle was set up" — יוּ prefix (yod + Shureq); biconsonantal: ק + מ only; Patach under R2 (ק); same tabernacle event from Num 9 (cloud/pillar)	hophal-imperfect hophal-biconsonantal bbh-ch29
יוּמַת (Exo 31:14)	מות Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "whoever does any work on it shall be put to death" — יוּ prefix (Shureq); מ + Patach + ת; Sabbath death-penalty legislation; the most common Hophal form in the OT (~50+ tokens in legal texts); cf. מוֹת יוּמַת formula (cards 9)	hophal-imperfect hophal-biconsonantal bbh-ch29
וַיּוּקַם (Exo 40:18)	קום Hophal+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "Moses set up [the tabernacle]... and it was erected" — וַיּוּ prefix: Waw + Patach + Yod+Dagesh + Shureq; Dagesh forte in yod from Wayyiqtol assimilation; Patach under R2; tabernacle narrative (Exo 40:18)	hophal-wayyiqtol hophal-biconsonantal bbh-ch29
וַיּוּשַׁב (Exo 10:8)	שׁוב Hophal+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh" — וַיּוּ prefix; Dagesh forte in yod + Shureq; Patach under שׁ; Plague of Locusts negotiation; Pharaoh summons Moses back after driving them out	hophal-wayyiqtol hophal-biconsonantal bbh-ch29
מוּקָם (paradigm)	קום Hophal+Participle+ms — "being set up / established" — מוּ prefix (Mem + Shureq); Qamets under R2 (ק) — Participle signature vowel; only 2 root consonants visible (ק + מ)	hophal-participle hophal-biconsonantal bbh-ch29
מוֹת יוּמַת (Exo 21:12)	מות — capital punishment formula: מוֹת = Qal Infinitive Absolute ("dying / certainly"); יוּמַת = Hophal Imperfect 3ms ("shall be put to death"); together: Inf.Abs. + finite verb intensifies — "shall surely/certainly be put to death"; appears 35+ times in Torah law (Exo 21, Lev 20, Num 35, Deu 13, 17)	hophal-imperfect hophal-biconsonantal hophal-diagnostic bbh-ch29
הֻגַּד (Deu 17:4)	נגד Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "and it has been told to you" — הֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in ג (R2) from Pe-Nun assimilation; no trace of root נ visible; legal context: reporting idolatry to judges; compare Hiphil הִגִּיד "to declare, report" (active)	hophal-perfect hophal-pe-nun bbh-ch29
וְהֻגַּד (Deu 17:4)	נגד Hophal+Weqatal+3ms — "and it has been told to you" — וְ + Hophal Perfect form (הֻגַּד unchanged); Weqatal = Waw + Shewa + Perfect base; same verse as card 10 (Deu 17:4); both perfect and weqatal in one verse	hophal-weqatal hophal-pe-nun bbh-ch29
יֻגַּד (paradigm)	נגד Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "it shall be told" — יֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in ג (R2) from Pe-Nun assimilation; Patach under R2; no trace of root נ; contrast Hiphil Imperfect יַגִּיד (yod + Patach, lengthened vowel under R2)	hophal-imperfect hophal-pe-nun bbh-ch29
וַיֻּגַּד (Gen 22:20)	נגד Hophal+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "and it was told to Abraham" — וַיֻּ prefix (Waw + Patach + Yod + Dagesh + Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in ג from Pe-Nun assimilation; one of the most common narrative formulas in Genesis and historical books: וַיֻּגַּד לְ = "and it was told to [person]" (Gen 22:20, 27:42, 38:13, etc.)	hophal-wayyiqtol hophal-pe-nun bbh-ch29
הֻגֵּד (paradigm)	נגד Hophal+Infinitive Absolute — "to be declared" — הֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Tsere (ֵ) under R2 (ג) distinguishes Inf.Abs. from Perfect (Patach ַ); Dagesh forte in ג from Pe-Nun assimilation retained; Inf.Abs. always shows Tsere under R2 in Hophal regardless of weak class	hophal-infinitive hophal-pe-nun bbh-ch29
הֻכָּה (Num 25:14)	נכה Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "the one who was struck" — doubly weak: I-נ (Pe-Nun) + III-ה (Lamed-He); הֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in כ from נ assimilation; Qamets + ה marks III-ה Perfect ending; Num 25: Israelite killed at Peor; cf. מֻכֶּה (Participle) in Isa 53:4	hophal-perfect hophal-pe-nun hophal-lamed-he bbh-ch29
יֻכֶּה (Deu 25:2)	נכה Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "the guilty man shall be beaten" — doubly weak: I-נ (Pe-Nun) + III-ה (Lamed-He); יֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in כ (Pe-Nun assimilation); Seghol + ה marks III-ה Imperfect ending (contraction of strong -יֻכַּ-ת); corporal punishment regulations: flogging in the presence of a judge	hophal-imperfect hophal-pe-nun hophal-lamed-he bbh-ch29
הֻגְלָה (Amos 1:5)	גלה Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "the people of Aram shall go into exile to Kir" — הֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Qamets + ה mater (III-ה Perfect ending); vocal shewa under R1 (ג); the Hophal of Hiphil הֶגְלָה "to exile/deport"; Amos's oracles against the nations use this formula repeatedly (1:5, 6, 9, 15; 5:5)	hophal-perfect hophal-lamed-he bbh-ch29
הֻגְלוּ (Amos 1:6)	גלה Hophal+Perfect+3cp — "they delivered up a whole exile" — הֻ prefix (Qibbuts); plural -וּ suffix added directly to contracted III-ה stem; no trace of final ה before the suffix; Amos 1:6 oracle against Gaza for delivering people to Edom	hophal-perfect hophal-lamed-he bbh-ch29
יֻגְלֶה (paradigm)	גלה Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "shall be exiled" — יֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Seghol + ה mater (III-ה Imperfect ending); compare strong Hophal Imperfect יֻקְטַל (Patach + final consonant); III-ה contracts: the final ה becomes a mater for Seghol	hophal-imperfect hophal-lamed-he bbh-ch29
וַיֻּגֶל (paradigm)	גלה Hophal+Wayyiqtol+3ms — apocopated: final ה drops entirely — וַיֻּ prefix (Waw + Patach + Yod + Dagesh + Qibbuts); Seghol under R2 (ל) from apocopation; no final ה; apocopation in Wayyiqtol is the defining III-ה feature: יֻגְלֶה (Imperfect) → וַיֻּגֶל (Wayyiqtol, ה dropped)	hophal-wayyiqtol hophal-lamed-he bbh-ch29
מֻגְלֶה (paradigm)	גלה Hophal+Participle+ms — "(one) being exiled" — מֻ prefix (Mem + Qibbuts); Seghol + ה mater (III-ה Participle ending); same Seghol+ה pattern as Imperfect 3ms; compare מֻקְטָל (strong Hophal Ptc.: Qamets under R2 + final consonant)	hophal-participle hophal-lamed-he bbh-ch29
הוּלַד (Gen 21:5)	ילד Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "when Isaac was born to him" — הוּ prefix (Shureq): Pe-Yod י quiesces into prefix, Qibbuts lengthens to Shureq; Patach under R2 (ל); R2 + R3 (ל + ד) visible; Abraham was 100 years old; the genealogical passive of birth	hophal-perfect hophal-pe-yod bbh-ch29
יוּלַד (paradigm)	ילד Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "shall be born" — יוּ prefix: yod (prefix consonant) + Shureq (Pe-Yod quiescence + Hophal u-vowel); Patach under R2 (ל); visually identical prefix pattern to Biconsonantal (יוּקַם) — distinguished by the presence of 3 root consonants (י-ל-ד → ל-ד visible)	hophal-imperfect hophal-pe-yod bbh-ch29
וַיּוּלַד (Gen 4:26)	ילד Hophal+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "and to Seth also a son was born" — וַיּוּ prefix: Waw + Patach + Yod+Dagesh + Shureq; Dagesh forte in prefix yod (Wayyiqtol assimilation); appears dozens of times in Gen 4–11 genealogies: וַיּוּלַד = passive genealogical formula; Hiphil active הוֹלִיד = "he begat"	hophal-wayyiqtol hophal-pe-yod bbh-ch29
מוּלָד (paradigm)	ילד Hophal+Participle+ms — "(one) being born / newborn" — מוּ prefix (Mem + Shureq); Qamets under R2 (ל) = Participle signature; Pe-Yod quiescence causes Qibbuts → Shureq; compare Biconsonantal Ptc. מוּקָם — same מוּ prefix but only 2 root consonants visible	hophal-participle hophal-pe-yod bbh-ch29
הוּבָא (Lev 10:18)	בוא Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "its blood was not brought into the sanctuary" — I-ו (Pe-Vav) root: ו quiesces into prefix → Shureq; also III-א: final א quiesces → Qamets under R2 (ב) compensatory lengthening; doubly weak (I-ו + III-א): הוּ prefix + Qamets + silent א; Levitical purity law; Hiphil הֵבִיא = "to bring" (active)	hophal-perfect hophal-pe-yod bbh-ch29
יוּבָא (Lev 6:30)	בוא Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "any sin offering whose blood is brought into the tent" — יוּ prefix (Shureq); Qamets under ב (III-א compensatory); silent final א; sacrificial legislation: the sin offering that enters the sanctuary cannot be eaten; cf. הוּבָא (Perfect, card 26)	hophal-imperfect hophal-pe-yod bbh-ch29
הוּרַד (Gen 39:1)	ירד Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "Joseph was brought down to Egypt" — I-י root: yod quiesces → Shureq; הוּ prefix; Patach under R2 (ר); Gen 39:1 uses both Hophal of ירד (הוּרַד "was brought down") and Hiphil of ירד (הוֹרִידֻהוּ "they had brought him down") — passive victim vs. active agents in same verse	hophal-perfect hophal-pe-yod bbh-ch29
יֻקַּם (Gen 4:15)	נקם Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "Cain shall be avenged sevenfold" — Pe-Nun (נ) assimilates: יֻ + ק+Dagesh (Dagesh = assimilated נ); the Dagesh forte in ק makes this look like a Geminate form; Gen 4:15: the LORD sets a protective sign on Cain; Gen 4:24: same form used again in Lamech's boast (יֻקַּם שִׁבְעָתַיִם ... שִׁבְעִים וְשִׁבְעָה)	hophal-imperfect hophal-pe-nun hophal-geminate bbh-ch29
הֻקַּם (paradigm)	נקם Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "was avenged" — הֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in ק (Pe-Nun assimilation); Patach under R2 (ק); note: in the Perfect, the assimilation produces Dagesh even though the Pe-Nun is not in the usual assimilation environment — the Hophal paradigm treats this consistently across all conjugations	hophal-perfect hophal-pe-nun hophal-geminate bbh-ch29
וַיֻּקַּם (paradigm)	נקם Hophal+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "and he/it was avenged" — וַיֻּ prefix (Waw + Patach + Yod+Dagesh + Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in ק (Pe-Nun assimilation) on top of Wayyiqtol prefix doubling; two Dagheshes: one in yod (Wayyiqtol), one in ק (Pe-Nun)	hophal-wayyiqtol hophal-pe-nun hophal-geminate bbh-ch29
מֻקָּם (paradigm)	נקם Hophal+Participle+ms — "(one who is) avenged" — מֻ prefix (Mem + Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in ק (Pe-Nun assimilation); Qamets under R2 (ק) = Participle signature; compare מֻגָּד (Pe-Nun Participle, card 14) — same pattern: מֻ + R2+Dagesh + Qamets	hophal-participle hophal-pe-nun hophal-geminate bbh-ch29
הֻעֲמַד (paradigm)	עמד Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "was stationed / made to stand" — הֻ prefix (Qibbuts); guttural ע at R1 cannot take plain vocal shewa — takes hateph-patach (ֲ) instead; u-class prefix vowel entirely unaffected; compare Hophal Strong הֻקְטַד (plain shewa under R1) vs. הֻעֲמַד (composite shewa); Hiphil הֶעֱמִיד = "to station, appoint" (active)	hophal-perfect hophal-pe-guttural bbh-ch29
יֻעֲמַד (paradigm)	עמד Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "shall be stationed" — יֻ prefix (Qibbuts); hateph-patach under ע (composite shewa); Patach under R2 (מ); the Hophal u-prefix is never affected by the guttural — the guttural influence is strictly local to R1's shewa position	hophal-imperfect hophal-pe-guttural bbh-ch29
מֻעֲמָד (paradigm)	עמד Hophal+Participle+ms — "(one who is) stationed" — מֻ prefix (Qibbuts); hateph-patach under ע; Qamets under R2 (מ) = Participle; compare מֻקְטָל (strong Participle) — identical except plain shewa under R1 becomes hateph-patach	hophal-participle hophal-pe-guttural bbh-ch29
יֻשְׁלַח (Job 18:8)	שׁלח Hophal+Imperfect+3ms — "he is cast into a net by his own feet" — יֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Patach under R2 (שׁ); final ח with Patach furtive; Patach furtive: the glide vowel inserted before word-final guttural (ח) in open syllable — written below/right of ח, but pronounced BEFORE it; Bildad's speech to Job about the fate of the wicked	hophal-imperfect hophal-lamed-guttural bbh-ch29
מֻשְׁלָח (Isa 27:10)	שׁלח Hophal+Participle+ms — "a forsaken and deserted city" — מֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Qamets under R2 (שׁ) = Participle signature; final ח with Patach furtive; Isa 27:10 eschatological vision: the fortified city left empty and abandoned; Hiphil שָׁלַח = "to send, release" → Hophal = "to be sent/released/forsaken"	hophal-participle hophal-lamed-guttural bbh-ch29
הֻמְצָא (paradigm)	מצא Hophal+Perfect+3ms — "was found / presented" — הֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Qamets under R2 (מ) — compensatory lengthening before quiesced final א; Patach → Qamets because silent א can no longer close the syllable; u-class prefix vowel unaffected; context: legal and wisdom texts where something is "found to be" the case	hophal-perfect hophal-lamed-aleph bbh-ch29
וַיֻּקְרָא (Num 21:3)	קרא Hophal+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "and he called the name of that place Hormah" — וַיֻּ prefix (Waw + Patach + Yod+Dagesh + Qibbuts); Qamets under R2 (ר) — compensatory lengthening before quiesced final א; Num 21:3: Israel defeats Canaanites, devotes them to destruction, names the place חׇרְמָה (Hormah = "destruction")	hophal-wayyiqtol hophal-lamed-aleph bbh-ch29
הוּקַם (Biconsonantal) vs. הוּלַד (Pe-Yod) (—)	Both use הוּ prefix (Shureq) — the diagnostic is ROOT CONSONANT COUNT: Biconsonantal הוּקַם: only 2 root consonants between prefix and ending (ק + מ); Pe-Yod הוּלַד: 3 root consonants — initial י quiesced, but ל + ד both visible; rule: Shureq + 2 visible root consonants = Biconsonantal; Shureq + 3 root consonants (first quiesced) = Pe-Yod/Vav	hophal-diagnostic bbh-ch29
וַיֻּגַּד (Pe-Nun) vs. וַיֻּגְלָה (Lamed-He) (—)	Same וַיֻּ prefix (Qibbuts) — the root tells the story: Pe-Nun וַיֻּגַּד: Dagesh forte in R2 (ג) reveals assimilated נ; Lamed-He וַיֻּגֶל: NO Dagesh in R2; final ה apocopated — Seghol under last consonant; rule: Dagesh in R2 → Pe-Nun; Seghol at end, no Dagesh → Lamed-He apocopation	hophal-diagnostic bbh-ch29
What is the u-class prefix vowel in each weak class? (—)	All Hophal weak forms preserve u-class under the prefix — what changes is the FORM: Strong / Pe-Guttural / Pe-Nun / Lamed-weak: Qibbuts (הֻ / יֻ / מֻ); Biconsonantal / Pe-Yod/Vav: Shureq (הוּ / יוּ / מוּ) — medial/initial vowel letter merges with Hophal u-vowel producing Shureq; KEY RULE: Qibbuts = u-class explicit; Shureq = u-class contracted/merged	hophal-diagnostic bbh-ch29
מֻכֶּה (Isa 53:4) — what two weak classes combine here? (Isa 53:4)	נכה Hophal+Participle+ms — "stricken by God" (Isa 53:4) — DOUBLY WEAK: I-נ (Pe-Nun) + III-ה (Lamed-He); מֻ prefix (Qibbuts); Dagesh forte in כ (Pe-Nun assimilation); Seghol + ה = III-ה Participle ending (cf. Qamets in strong Ptc.); Isaiah 53:4 — the Servant Song: "surely he has borne our griefs... yet we esteemed him stricken"; Hiphil נָכָה = "to strike" (active); Hophal = "to be struck"	hophal-diagnostic hophal-pe-nun hophal-lamed-he bbh-ch29
וַיּוּלַד vs. הוּלַד vs. יוּלַד — how do you distinguish? (—)	ילד Hophal — three forms, all Shureq prefix: הוּלַד: He prefix → Perfect 3ms ("was born/begotten"); יוּלַד: Yod prefix → Imperfect 3ms ("shall be born"); וַיּוּלַד: Waw + Patach + Yod+Dagesh → Wayyiqtol 3ms ("and ... was born") — narrative past; RULE: prefix consonant identifies tense; Dagesh forte in the yod = Wayyiqtol; all three appear in Gen 4–11 genealogies	hophal-diagnostic hophal-pe-yod bbh-ch29