Chapter 31 — Stem Identification Drill (Weak Roots)

BBH Chapter 31 · Piel Weak Verbs

For each weak verb form, identify the Root, Stem, Conjugation, and PGN. Type the root in Hebrew. Use the dropdowns for Stem, Conjugation, and PGN. Click ▶ Answer to check.

I-Guttural tip: Gutturals (א, ה, ח, ע, ר) reject dagesh forte. In the Piel, look for compensatory lengthening — the vowel before R2 is longer than expected (e.g., Qamets instead of Hireq, Tsere instead of segol). The Shewa prefix (יְ) still marks the Piel imperfect.
III-ה tip: Qal/Hiphil/Hophal perfect 3ms = ָה (no dagesh before ה); Piel/Niphal perfect 3ms = ָּה (Qamets + dagesh in ל before ה). Piel imperfect/imperative 3ms ends in ֶּה (Tsere-He with dagesh in R2).
Hophal tip: Prefix הֻ (Qibbuts) or הָ (Qamets); passive counterpart of Hiphil.

#	Hebrew Form	Root	Stem	Conjugation	PGN
1	בֵּרַךְ
		ברך	Piel	Perfect	3ms	I-guttural ב: virtual dagesh → Tsere (compensatory lengthening) before R2 ר; Hireq-Tsere vowels signal Piel perfect.
2	בָּרַךְ
		ברך	Qal	Perfect	3ms	Qamets-Pathach = standard Qal perfect; no dagesh in R2 ר. Compare Piel #1 (בֵּרַךְ) which has Tsere under ב.
3	גִּלָּה
		גלה	Piel	Perfect	3ms	Dagesh forte in ל (R2) + III-ה ending ָּה (Qamets + dagesh-he); Hireq under ג = Piel III-ה perfect.
4	גָּלָה
		גלה	Qal	Perfect	3ms	No dagesh in ל; Qamets-Qamets-he (no dagesh before ה) = Qal III-ה perfect. Compare Piel #3 (גִּלָּה) which has dagesh in ל.
5	נִגְלָה
		גלה	Niphal	Perfect	3ms	נִ prefix + Qamets under ל + III-ה ending = Niphal III-ה perfect. Passive/reflexive of Qal.
6	הִגְלָה
		גלה	Hiphil	Perfect	3ms	הִ prefix + III-ה contraction: Qamets under ל (no Hireq-Yod; III-ה root contracts) = Hiphil III-ה perfect. Causative.
7	צִוָּה
		צוה	Piel	Perfect	3ms	III-ה root (ו is R2); dagesh forte in וּ; Hireq under צ; ָּה ending = Piel III-ה perfect. SA: no common Qal for "to command."
8	חִזֵּק
		חזק	Piel	Perfect	3ms	Guttural ח (R1) takes Hireq; dagesh forte in ז (R2, non-guttural); Tsere pattern = Piel perfect. I-guttural: no problem for R2 dagesh since R2 = ז.
9	חָזַק
		חזק	Qal	Perfect	3ms	No dagesh in ז; Qamets-Pathach = Qal perfect. ח (R1) guttural takes Qamets. Compare Piel #8 (חִזֵּק) which has Hireq under ח and dagesh in ז.
10	יְבָרֵךְ
		ברך	Piel	Imperfect	3ms	Shewa under יְ (Piel imperfect prefix) + compensatory Qamets under ב (virtual dagesh) + Tsere = Piel imperfect with I-guttural lengthening.
11	יְצַוֶּה
		צוה	Piel	Imperfect	3ms	Shewa prefix + pathach under צ + dagesh in וּ (R2) + Tsere-He (ֶּה) ending = Piel imperfect of III-ה root. Full (non-apocopated) form.
12	יִגְלֶה
		גלה	Qal	Imperfect	3ms	Hireq under יִ; no dagesh in ג; segol + III-ה he = Qal III-ה imperfect. Compare Piel #14 (יְגַלֶּה) which has Shewa prefix and dagesh in ל.
13	יִגָּלֶה
		גלה	Niphal	Imperfect	3ms	Hireq prefix + dagesh forte in ג (assimilated נ of Niphal) + Qamets-segol-he = Niphal III-ה imperfect.
14	יְגַלֶּה
		גלה	Piel	Imperfect	3ms	Shewa under יְ (Piel prefix); dagesh forte in ל (R2); Tsere-He (ֶּה) ending = Piel III-ה imperfect. Compare Qal #12 (יִגְלֶה).
15	יַגְלֶה
		גלה	Hiphil	Imperfect	3ms	Pathach under יַ (Hiphil imperfect prefix pattern); no dagesh in ל; segol + III-ה he = Hiphil III-ה imperfect. Causative.
16	וַיְבָרֶךְ
		ברך	Piel	Wayyiqtol	3ms	Waw + Shewa under יְ (no dagesh in י = Piel wayyiqtol) + compensatory Qamets + Seghol. Compare Qal wayyiqtol (וַיִּבָּרֶךְ) which has dagesh in י.
17	וַיְצַו
		צוה	Piel	Wayyiqtol	3ms	Waw + Shewa + pathach + וּ; III-ה root: ה drops completely in wayyiqtol (apocopated). Full imperfect = יְצַוֶּה (#11).
18	וַיִּגֶּל
		גלה	Qal	Wayyiqtol	3ms	Dagesh forte in יּ (wayyiqtol marker) + no dagesh in ג + ה apocopated = Qal wayyiqtol of III-ה. The lone Seghol under ג is the contracted form.
19	בָּרֵךְ
		ברך	Piel	Imperative	2ms	Qamets + Tsere; no prefix; I-guttural ב: virtual dagesh (compensatory lengthening) before R2. Piel imperative pattern: a-class + Tsere.
20	גַּל
		גלה	Qal	Imperative	2ms	Apocopated form: III-ה ה drops in Qal imperative 2ms; Pathach under ג + ל = Qal imperative of III-ה. Compare Piel #21 (גַּלֵּה) which retains ה with dagesh.
21	גַּלֵּה
		גלה	Piel	Imperative	2ms	Pathach + dagesh forte in ל (R2) + Tsere + he = Piel imperative of III-ה. Compare Qal #20 (גַּל) which is apocopated.
22	מְבָרֵךְ
		ברך	Piel	Participle	ms	מְ prefix (Piel Ptc) + compensatory Qamets under ב (I-guttural virtual dagesh) + Tsere = Piel participle of I-guttural root.
23	מְגַלֶּה
		גלה	Piel	Participle	ms	מְ prefix + pathach + dagesh forte in ל (R2) + Seghol + he = Piel participle of III-ה. Compare Qal #24 (גֹּלֶה): no מְ, Holem under ג.
24	גֹּלֶה
		גלה	Qal	Participle	ms	Holem under ג; no מְ prefix; Seghol + he = Qal active participle of III-ה. Compare Piel #23 (מְגַלֶּה) which has מְ prefix and dagesh in ל.
25	הֻגְלָה
		גלה	Hophal	Perfect	3ms	הֻ prefix (u-class Qibbuts = Hophal passive marker) + III-ה ending (Qamets-he) = Hophal III-ה perfect. Passive of Hiphil: "was exiled/uncovered." Compare Hiphil #6 (הִגְלָה).

Hebrew Form

Root

Stem

Conjugation

PGN

בֵּרַךְ

ברך

Piel

Perfect

3ms

I-guttural ב: virtual dagesh → Tsere (compensatory lengthening) before R2 ר; Hireq-Tsere vowels signal Piel perfect.

בָּרַךְ

ברך

Qal

Perfect

3ms

Qamets-Pathach = standard Qal perfect; no dagesh in R2 ר. Compare Piel #1 (בֵּרַךְ) which has Tsere under ב.

גִּלָּה

גלה

Piel

Perfect

3ms

Dagesh forte in ל (R2) + III-ה ending ָּה (Qamets + dagesh-he); Hireq under ג = Piel III-ה perfect.

גָּלָה

גלה

Qal

Perfect

3ms

No dagesh in ל; Qamets-Qamets-he (no dagesh before ה) = Qal III-ה perfect. Compare Piel #3 (גִּלָּה) which has dagesh in ל.

נִגְלָה

גלה

Niphal

Perfect

3ms

נִ prefix + Qamets under ל + III-ה ending = Niphal III-ה perfect. Passive/reflexive of Qal.

הִגְלָה

גלה

Hiphil

Perfect

3ms

הִ prefix + III-ה contraction: Qamets under ל (no Hireq-Yod; III-ה root contracts) = Hiphil III-ה perfect. Causative.

צִוָּה

צוה

Piel

Perfect

3ms

III-ה root (ו is R2); dagesh forte in וּ; Hireq under צ; ָּה ending = Piel III-ה perfect. SA: no common Qal for "to command."

חִזֵּק

חזק

Piel

Perfect

3ms

Guttural ח (R1) takes Hireq; dagesh forte in ז (R2, non-guttural); Tsere pattern = Piel perfect. I-guttural: no problem for R2 dagesh since R2 = ז.

חָזַק

חזק

Qal

Perfect

3ms

No dagesh in ז; Qamets-Pathach = Qal perfect. ח (R1) guttural takes Qamets. Compare Piel #8 (חִזֵּק) which has Hireq under ח and dagesh in ז.

יְבָרֵךְ

ברך

Piel

Imperfect

3ms

Shewa under יְ (Piel imperfect prefix) + compensatory Qamets under ב (virtual dagesh) + Tsere = Piel imperfect with I-guttural lengthening.

יְצַוֶּה

צוה

Piel

Imperfect

3ms

Shewa prefix + pathach under צ + dagesh in וּ (R2) + Tsere-He (ֶּה) ending = Piel imperfect of III-ה root. Full (non-apocopated) form.

יִגְלֶה

גלה

Qal

Imperfect

3ms

Hireq under יִ; no dagesh in ג; segol + III-ה he = Qal III-ה imperfect. Compare Piel #14 (יְגַלֶּה) which has Shewa prefix and dagesh in ל.

יִגָּלֶה

גלה

Niphal

Imperfect

3ms

Hireq prefix + dagesh forte in ג (assimilated נ of Niphal) + Qamets-segol-he = Niphal III-ה imperfect.

יְגַלֶּה

גלה

Piel

Imperfect

3ms

Shewa under יְ (Piel prefix); dagesh forte in ל (R2); Tsere-He (ֶּה) ending = Piel III-ה imperfect. Compare Qal #12 (יִגְלֶה).

יַגְלֶה

גלה

Hiphil

Imperfect

3ms

Pathach under יַ (Hiphil imperfect prefix pattern); no dagesh in ל; segol + III-ה he = Hiphil III-ה imperfect. Causative.

וַיְבָרֶךְ

ברך

Piel

Wayyiqtol

3ms

Waw + Shewa under יְ (no dagesh in י = Piel wayyiqtol) + compensatory Qamets + Seghol. Compare Qal wayyiqtol (וַיִּבָּרֶךְ) which has dagesh in י.

וַיְצַו

צוה

Piel

Wayyiqtol

3ms

Waw + Shewa + pathach + וּ; III-ה root: ה drops completely in wayyiqtol (apocopated). Full imperfect = יְצַוֶּה (#11).

וַיִּגֶּל

גלה

Qal

Wayyiqtol

3ms

Dagesh forte in יּ (wayyiqtol marker) + no dagesh in ג + ה apocopated = Qal wayyiqtol of III-ה. The lone Seghol under ג is the contracted form.

בָּרֵךְ

ברך

Piel

Imperative

2ms

Qamets + Tsere; no prefix; I-guttural ב: virtual dagesh (compensatory lengthening) before R2. Piel imperative pattern: a-class + Tsere.

גַּל

גלה

Qal

Imperative

2ms

Apocopated form: III-ה ה drops in Qal imperative 2ms; Pathach under ג + ל = Qal imperative of III-ה. Compare Piel #21 (גַּלֵּה) which retains ה with dagesh.

גַּלֵּה

גלה

Piel

Imperative

2ms

Pathach + dagesh forte in ל (R2) + Tsere + he = Piel imperative of III-ה. Compare Qal #20 (גַּל) which is apocopated.

מְבָרֵךְ

ברך

Piel

Participle

מְ prefix (Piel Ptc) + compensatory Qamets under ב (I-guttural virtual dagesh) + Tsere = Piel participle of I-guttural root.

מְגַלֶּה

גלה

Piel

Participle

מְ prefix + pathach + dagesh forte in ל (R2) + Seghol + he = Piel participle of III-ה. Compare Qal #24 (גֹּלֶה): no מְ, Holem under ג.

גֹּלֶה

גלה

Qal

Participle

Holem under ג; no מְ prefix; Seghol + he = Qal active participle of III-ה. Compare Piel #23 (מְגַלֶּה) which has מְ prefix and dagesh in ל.

הֻגְלָה

גלה

Hophal

Perfect

3ms

הֻ prefix (u-class Qibbuts = Hophal passive marker) + III-ה ending (Qamets-he) = Hophal III-ה perfect. Passive of Hiphil: "was exiled/uncovered." Compare Hiphil #6 (הִגְלָה).