BBH Chapter 32 · Pual Strong Verbs
Each triplet shows the same root in Qal, Piel, and Pual. For each form: (1) identify the stem, (2) parse fully, (3) translate.
| Stem | R1 vowel (Perfect 3ms) | R2 | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qal | Variable (patach/tsere/holem) | No extra dagesh | Simple active |
| Piel | Hiriq (קִ) or tsere (קֵ) | Dagesh Forte | Intensive active |
| Pual | Qibbuts (קֻ) or holem (קֹ) if R2 is guttural | Dagesh Forte | Passive of Piel |
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | בָּרַךְ | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he knelt" — qamets under ב (Qal perfect 3ms); rare usage; root primarily used in Piel | ||||||
| 2 | בֵּרַךְ | |||||
| Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he blessed" — tsere under ב (Piel stem vowel); ר rejects dagesh → compensatory lengthening to tsere | ||||||
| 3 | בֹּרַךְ | |||||
| Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was blessed" — holem under ב; ר rejects dagesh forte; holem is lengthening of qibbuts in guttural context | ||||||
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | שָׁלַח | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he sent" — qamets under שׁ; patach under ל; no dagesh in ל | ||||||
| 5 | שִׁלַּח | |||||
| Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he sent away / released" — hiriq under שׁ + dagesh forte in ל; Piel often adds nuance of releasing/dismissing | ||||||
| 6 | שֻׁלַּח | |||||
| Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was sent away" — qibbuts under שׁ + dagesh forte in ל; identical to Piel except R1 vowel | ||||||
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | דָּבַר | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he spoke" (rare) — qamets under ד; no dagesh in ב; the root is dominated by Piel in actual usage | ||||||
| 8 | דִּבֶּר | |||||
| Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he spoke" — hiriq under ד + dagesh in ב + tsere theme vowel; standard Piel perfect 3ms pattern | ||||||
| 9 | דֻּבַּר | |||||
| Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "it was spoken" — qibbuts under ד + dagesh in ב + patach theme vowel | ||||||
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | כָּבֵד | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he was heavy / was honored" — stative verb; tsere theme vowel; no dagesh in ב | ||||||
| 11 | כִּבֵּד | |||||
| Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he honored" — hiriq under כ + dagesh forte in ב + tsere; factitive (to treat/make as weighty) | ||||||
| 12 | כֻּבַּד | |||||
| Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "he was honored" — qibbuts under כ + dagesh forte in ב + patach; passive of Piel | ||||||
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | סָפַר | |||||
| Qal · Perfect · 3ms · "he counted" — qamets under ס; no dagesh in פ; simple action of counting/numbering | ||||||
| 14 | סִפֵּר | |||||
| Piel · Perfect · 3ms · "he recounted / told" — hiriq under ס + dagesh forte in פ + tsere; intensive/iterative sense | ||||||
| 15 | סֻפַּר | |||||
| Pual · Perfect · 3ms · "it was told / recounted" — qibbuts under ס + dagesh forte in פ + patach; systematic: qamets (Qal) → hiriq (Piel) → qibbuts (Pual) | ||||||