BBH Chapter 32 · Pual Strong Verbs
Each triplet shows the same root in Qal, Piel, and Pual. For each form: (1) identify the stem, (2) parse fully, (3) translate.
| Stem | R1 vowel (Perfect 3ms) | R2 | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qal | Variable (Pathach/Tsere/Holem) | No extra dagesh | Simple active |
| Piel | Hiriq (קִ) or Tsere (קֵ) | Dagesh Forte | Intensive active |
| Pual | Qibbuts (קֻ) or Holem (קֹ) if R2 is guttural | Dagesh Forte | Passive of Piel |
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | בֹּרַךְ | |||||
| Pual | Perfect | 3ms | "he was blessed" · Holem under ב; ר rejects dagesh forte; Holem is lengthening of Qibbuts in guttural context | |||
| 2 | בָּרַךְ | |||||
| Qal | Perfect | 3ms | "he knelt" · Qamets under ב (Qal perfect 3ms); rare usage; root primarily used in Piel | |||
| 3 | בֵּרַךְ | |||||
| Piel | Perfect | 3ms | "he blessed" · Tsere under ב (Piel stem vowel); ר rejects dagesh → compensatory lengthening to Tsere |
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | שִׁלַּח | |||||
| Piel | Perfect | 3ms | "he sent away / released" · hiriq under שׁ + dagesh forte in ל; Piel often adds nuance of releasing/dismissing | |||
| 5 | שֻׁלַּח | |||||
| Pual | Perfect | 3ms | "he was sent away" · Qibbuts under שׁ + dagesh forte in ל; identical to Piel except R1 vowel | |||
| 6 | שָׁלַח | |||||
| Qal | Perfect | 3ms | "he sent" · Qamets under שׁ; Pathach under ל; no dagesh in ל |
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | דָּבַר | |||||
| Qal | Perfect | 3ms | "he spoke" (rare) · Qamets under ד; no dagesh in ב; the root is dominated by Piel in actual usage | |||
| 8 | דֻּבַּר | |||||
| Pual | Perfect | 3ms | "it was spoken" · Qibbuts under ד + dagesh in ב + Pathach theme vowel | |||
| 9 | דִּבֶּר | |||||
| Piel | Perfect | 3ms | "he spoke" · hiriq under ד + dagesh in ב + Tsere theme vowel; standard Piel perfect 3ms pattern |
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | כֻּבַּד | |||||
| Pual | Perfect | 3ms | "he was honored" · Qibbuts under כ + dagesh forte in ב + Pathach; passive of Piel | |||
| 11 | כִּבֵּד | |||||
| Piel | Perfect | 3ms | "he honored" · hiriq under כ + dagesh forte in ב + Tsere; factitive (to treat/make as weighty) | |||
| 12 | כָּבֵד | |||||
| Qal | Perfect | 3ms | "he was heavy / was honored" · stative verb; Tsere theme vowel; no dagesh in ב |
| # | Form | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | סִפֵּר | |||||
| Piel | Perfect | 3ms | "he recounted / told" · hiriq under ס + dagesh forte in פ + Tsere; intensive/iterative sense | |||
| 14 | סָפַר | |||||
| Qal | Perfect | 3ms | "he counted" · Qamets under ס; no dagesh in פ; simple action of counting/numbering | |||
| 15 | סֻפַּר | |||||
| Pual | Perfect | 3ms | "it was told / recounted" · Qibbuts under ס + dagesh forte in פ + Pathach; systematic: Qamets (Qal) → hiriq (Piel) → Qibbuts (Pual) |