Exercise: Ch22 Causative and Passive Stems — Capstone Review Drill

Chapter 22 — The Aphel, Shaphel, and Hophal Stems

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A 20-item capstone review drill covering all nine Aramaic stems introduced across the BBA curriculum (Chapters 12–22). Students identify the stem, conjugation, root, PGN, and translation for each verb form drawn from Daniel or Ezra. The drill emphasizes the three stems introduced in Chapter 22 (Aphel, Shaphel, Hophal) while reviewing all prior stems to consolidate the full verbal system.

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Sample Questions

Q1. 1 שֵׁיזִב ▶ Answer

A: Stem: Shaphel  |  Conj: Perfect  |  Root: יזב  |  PGN: 3ms  |  Trans: he delivered / he rescued (Dan. 3:28: שֵׁיזִב לְעַבְדוֹהִי "he delivered his servants"; שֵׁ- = Shaphel prefix with tsere due to I-yod root; root יזב; the key Shaphel verb in Daniel)

Q2. 2 הֻנְעַל ▶ Answer

A: Stem: Hophal  |  Conj: Perfect  |  Root: עלל  |  PGN: 3ms  |  Trans: he was brought in (Dan. 5:13: דָּנִיֵּאל הֻנְעַל קֳדָם מַלְכָּא "Daniel was brought in before the king"; הֻ- = Hophal prefix [heh + qibbuts u-vowel]; passive of Haphel הַעֵל "to bring in"; nun of root assimilates)

Q3. 3 אַחֲוִי ▶ Answer

A: Stem: Aphel  |  Conj: Perfect  |  Root: חזה  |  PGN: 3ms  |  Trans: he showed / he declared (Dan. 5:12; 7:16; אַ- = Aphel causative prefix [aleph + patach]; alternate causative to Haphel; root חזה "to see" → Aphel "to cause to see / to show / to declare"; III-he root with -ִי ending in 3ms perfect)