Greek NT Verb Tense × Voice Heatmap

Source: STEPBible TAGNT (Translators Amalgamated Greek NT)
Scope: All verb tokens across the entire New Testament

Build script: scripts/nt/verbs/build_tense_voice_heatmaps.py

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Summary

This heatmap cross-tabulates verb tense against voice for every verb in the NT. Darker cells indicate higher frequency.

Key Observations

• Present Active is the single most common combination — Greek's present tense covers ongoing/repeated action and is the default for narrative and discourse.
• Aorist Active is the second most common — the aorist is the "default past" in Greek narrative, expressing a simple completed event.
• Aorist Passive is notably frequent, reflecting Greek's rich passive vocabulary for expressing divine action and human reception.
• Perfect Active is relatively rare — the Greek perfect expresses a present state resulting from a past action and is used for emphasis.
• Imperfect only occurs in Active and Middle/Passive — the imperfect has no distinct passive form in Koine Greek.

Voice Abbreviations

Code	Voice
Active	Subject performs the action
Middle	Subject acts on/for itself
Passive	Subject receives the action
Middle or Passive	Form is ambiguous between Middle and Passive
Deponent	Passive/Middle form with Active meaning

Generated by notebooks/03_statistics.ipynb