| Function Sort |
A 25-item classification exercise drawn entirely from Genesis, Exodus, and Numbers. Students read a Niphal form with its reference and contextual gloss, then classify it as Passive (P), Reflexive (R), Reciprocal (RC), or Simple Action (SA). Roots span all four function types and include several cases that reward careful reasoning (e.g., whether הֵאָסְפוּ is passive or reflexive, whether נִשְׁבְּעוּ is reflexive or reciprocal). Four discussion questions connect specific items to the broader grammar. |
| Niphal Paradigm Drill |
Write all 30 inflected forms of קטל (Niphal) from memory. |
| Passage Exercise |
A 15-verb parsing exercise drawn from the Joseph narrative (Gen 37–49) and the Sinai approach (Exo 19), with 3 distractor verbs (Part C) from the same passages. Students first answer "Is it Niphal?" for every highlighted verb before parsing conjugation, person-gender-number, root, and semantic function (Passive / Reflexive / Simple action). Distractors are Qal forms (קָמָה, מָכְרוּ, יָכֹל) drawn from the identical corpus to reinforce Niphal recognition. An answer key is embedded in all three formats. Roots are predominantly strong (מָצָא, שָׁבַע, נָצַב, אָסַף, מָכַר, שָׁמַע, שָׁמַר) with one middle/stative root (יָתַר). |
| Qal Niphal Contrast |
A 14-root exercise in three parts. Students are given a root with its Qal meaning and an attested Niphal form from the OT, then asked to translate the Niphal form, name its semantic function (Passive / Reflexive / Simple action), and explain in one sentence how the Niphal meaning relates to the Qal. Part A covers transitive roots (מָכַר, מָצָא, שָׁמַע, אָסַף, כָּרַת, נָתַן, אָכַל, שָׁמַר); Part B covers stative/intransitive roots (נָצַב, יָתַר, שָׁאַר); Part C covers roots with no standard Qal (לָחַם, נָחַם, שָׁבַע). |
| Stem Id Drill |
BBH Chapter 24 · Niphal Strong Verbs A 24-item drill mixing Qal and Niphal forms of strong roots, interleaved Q/N/Q/N. Students identify stem (Qal or Niphal), conjugation, PGN, and root for each form. Covers Perfect, Imperfect, Wayyiqtol, Imperative, Inf. Absolute, and Participle using the roots שׁמר, מכר, כרת, נתן, and the paradigm root קטל. Items 18 and 20 feature the ambiguous form הִשָּׁמֵר (Niphal Imperative = Niphal Inf. Absolute), which is explicitly flagged. |