Exercise: Stem Change Drill

Chapter 20 — Verbal Roots (Patterns 2–4)

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Twenty verbs drawn from the GNT. For each present form, students identify (1) the underlying verbal root, (2) the pattern type (2, 3, or 4), and (3) give the future active (or future deponent) form. Verbs are drawn from Pattern 2 (stop-consonant changes), Pattern 3 (ablaut/nasal infix), and Pattern 4 (suppletive stems).

Sample Questions

Q1. 1 γράφω 2 3 4 Dental stop (δ+σ→σ) Dental stop (θ+σ→σ) Labial stop (2nd aorist) Labial stop (π+σ→ψ) Labial stop (φ+σ→ψ) Nasal infix (αμβ in pres.) Nasal infix (αν in pres.) Suppletive Velar stop (γ+σ→ξ) Velar stop (κ+σ→ξ) Velar stop (χ+σ→ξ) ▶

A: 1 γράφω γραφ- 2 Labial stop (φ+σ→ψ) γράψω

Q2. 2 βλέπω 2 3 4 Dental stop (δ+σ→σ) Dental stop (θ+σ→σ) Labial stop (2nd aorist) Labial stop (π+σ→ψ) Labial stop (φ+σ→ψ) Nasal infix (αμβ in pres.) Nasal infix (αν in pres.) Suppletive Velar stop (γ+σ→ξ) Velar stop (κ+σ→ξ) Velar stop (χ+σ→ξ) ▶

A: 2 βλέπω βλεπ- 2 Labial stop (π+σ→ψ) βλέψω

Q3. 3 πέμπω 2 3 4 Dental stop (δ+σ→σ) Dental stop (θ+σ→σ) Labial stop (2nd aorist) Labial stop (π+σ→ψ) Labial stop (φ+σ→ψ) Nasal infix (αμβ in pres.) Nasal infix (αν in pres.) Suppletive Velar stop (γ+σ→ξ) Velar stop (κ+σ→ξ) Velar stop (χ+σ→ξ) ▶

A: 3 πέμπω πεμπ- 2 Labial stop (π+σ→ψ) πέμψω