Hiphil Weak Verbs — I-נ (Pe-Nun) Paradigms¶
Full conjugation tables for Pe-Nun (I-נ) roots in the Hiphil stem. Representative roots: נָגַשׁ (bring near) and נָפַל (cause to fall) Each conjugation shows the strong root (קטל) alongside the weak paradigm for direct comparison. Attested forms drawn from MACULA Hebrew WLC.
In the Hiphil, I-נ roots show assimilation of the root נ (R1) into R2 throughout the entire paradigm — perfect, imperfect, wayyiqtol, imperative, infinitives, and participle alike. The Hiphil prefix (הִ, יַ, מַ, הַ) brings the נ into direct contact with R2, and the נ assimilates completely, leaving dagesh forte in R2 as its only trace. The root's first consonant is never visible in any Hiphil form.
Perfect (Qatal) — I-נ¶
The Pattern¶
The Hiphil perfect prefix הִ stands immediately before R1 (= נ). The נ assimilates into R2, leaving dagesh forte in R2: הִ + נ + גשׁ → הִגִּישׁ. The characteristic Hiphil chiriq-yod appears in the 3ms/3fs/3cp forms; in the 2ms/1cs the vowel shortens before the suffixes, as in the strong root.
| Person | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נגשׁ) | I-נ (נפל) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | הִקְטִיל | הִגִּישׁ | הִפִּיל |
| 3fs | הִקְטִילָה | הִגִּישָׁה | הִפִּילָה |
| 3cp | הִקְטִילוּ | הִגִּישׁוּ | הִפִּילוּ |
| 2ms | הִקְטַלְתָּ | הִגַּשְׁתָּ | הִפַּלְתָּ |
| 2fs | הִקְטַלְתְּ | הִגַּשְׁתְּ | הִפַּלְתְּ |
| 2mp | הִקְטַלְתֶּם | הִגַּשְׁתֶּם | הִפַּלְתֶּם |
| 2fp | הִקְטַלְתֶּן | הִגַּשְׁתֶּן | הִפַּלְתֶּן |
| 1cs | הִקְטַלְתִּי | הִגַּשְׁתִּי | הִפַּלְתִּי |
| 1cp | הִקְטַלְנוּ | הִגַּשְׁנוּ | הִפַּלְנוּ |
Key: Dagesh forte in R2 throughout the entire perfect — the only remaining trace of the assimilated נ.
Attested passages: - הִגִּישׁ (Amos 9:13) — "the one who plows shall overtake the reaper" - הִפִּיל (Gen 2:21) — "the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man" - הִגַּשְׁתֶּם (Mal 1:7) — "by offering polluted food upon my altar"
Imperfect (Yiqtol) — I-נ¶
The Pattern¶
The imperfect prefix (יַ, תַּ, אַ, נַ) stands before the assimilated נ. The נ assimilates into R2 exactly as in the perfect, leaving dagesh forte in R2. The standard Hiphil chiriq-yod appears in the penultimate syllable.
| Person | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נגשׁ) | I-נ (נפל) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | יַקְטִיל | יַגִּישׁ | יַפִּיל |
| 3fs | תַּקְטִיל | תַּגִּישׁ | תַּפִּיל |
| 3mp | יַקְטִילוּ | יַגִּישׁוּ | יַפִּילוּ |
| 3fp | תַּקְטֵלְנָה | תַּגֵּשְׁנָה | תַּפֵּלְנָה |
| 2ms | תַּקְטִיל | תַּגִּישׁ | תַּפִּיל |
| 2fs | תַּקְטִילִי | תַּגִּישִׁי | תַּפִּילִי |
| 2mp | תַּקְטִילוּ | תַּגִּישׁוּ | תַּפִּילוּ |
| 2fp | תַּקְטֵלְנָה | תַּגֵּשְׁנָה | תַּפֵּלְנָה |
| 1cs | אַקְטִיל | אַגִּישׁ | אַפִּיל |
| 1cp | נַקְטִיל | נַגִּישׁ | נַפִּיל |
Key: Patach prefix vowel + dagesh forte in R2 + chiriq-yod.
Attested passages: - יַפִּיל (Pro 19:15) — "slothfulness casts into a deep sleep" - יַגִּישׁ (Mal 1:8) — "when you offer blind animals in sacrifice, is that not evil?"
Wayyiqtol — I-נ¶
The Pattern¶
The wayyiqtol follows the same assimilation: dagesh forte in R2. The standard Hiphil wayyiqtol tsere appears in the final syllable of 3ms/3fs forms.
| Person | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נגשׁ) | I-נ (נפל) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | וַיַּקְטֵל | וַיַּגֵּשׁ | וַיַּפֵּל |
| 3fs | וַתַּקְטֵל | וַתַּגֵּשׁ | וַתַּפֵּל |
| 3mp | וַיַּקְטִילוּ | וַיַּגִּישׁוּ | וַיַּפִּילוּ |
| 3fp | וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה | וַתַּגֵּשְׁנָה | וַתַּפֵּלְנָה |
| 2ms | וַתַּקְטֵל | וַתַּגֵּשׁ | וַתַּפֵּל |
| 2fs | וַתַּקְטֵל | וַתַּגֵּשׁ | וַתַּפֵּל |
| 2mp | וַתַּקְטִילוּ | וַתַּגִּישׁוּ | וַתַּפִּילוּ |
| 2fp | וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה | וַתַּגֵּשְׁנָה | וַתַּפֵּלְנָה |
| 1cs | וָאַקְטֵל | וָאַגֵּשׁ | וָאַפֵּל |
| 1cp | וַנַּקְטֵל | וַנַּגֵּשׁ | וַנַּפֵּל |
Key: וַיַּ prefix + dagesh forte in R2 + tsere final.
Attested passages: - וַיַּגֵּשׁ (Gen 18:23) — "Abraham drew near and said" - וַיַּפֵּל (Gen 2:21) — "he caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man"
Weqatal — I-נ¶
The Pattern¶
Weqatal = וְ + perfect. Dagesh forte in R2 throughout, identical to the perfect pattern.
| Person | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נגשׁ) | I-נ (נפל) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | וְהִקְטִיל | וְהִגִּישׁ | וְהִפִּיל |
| 3fs | וְהִקְטִילָה | וְהִגִּישָׁה | וְהִפִּילָה |
| 3cp | וְהִקְטִילוּ | וְהִגִּישׁוּ | וְהִפִּילוּ |
| 2ms | וְהִקְטַלְתָּ | וְהִגַּשְׁתָּ | וְהִפַּלְתָּ |
| 2fs | וְהִקְטַלְתְּ | וְהִגַּשְׁתְּ | וְהִפַּלְתְּ |
| 2mp | וְהִקְטַלְתֶּם | וְהִגַּשְׁתֶּם | וְהִפַּלְתֶּם |
| 2fp | וְהִקְטַלְתֶּן | וְהִגַּשְׁתֶּן | וְהִפַּלְתֶּן |
| 1cs | וְהִקְטַלְתִּי | וְהִגַּשְׁתִּי | וְהִפַּלְתִּי |
| 1cp | וְהִקְטַלְנוּ | וְהִגַּשְׁנוּ | וְהִפַּלְנוּ |
Imperative — I-נ¶
The Pattern¶
The Hiphil imperative prefix הַ precedes the assimilated נ: dagesh forte in R2. The 2ms ends in tsere; longer forms take chiriq-yod.
| Form | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נגשׁ) | I-נ (נפל) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2ms | הַקְטֵל | הַגֵּשׁ | הַפֵּל |
| 2fs | הַקְטִילִי | הַגִּישִׁי | הַפִּילִי |
| 2mp | הַקְטִילוּ | הַגִּישׁוּ | הַפִּילוּ |
| 2fp | הַקְטֵלְנָה | הַגֵּשְׁנָה | הַפֵּלְנָה |
Key: Dagesh forte in R2 across all imperative forms.
Attested passages: - הַגֵּשׁ (Gen 27:25) — "bring it to me, that I may eat of my son's game" - הַפֵּל (2 Sam 20:21) — "throw his head over the wall to us"
Infinitive Construct — I-נ¶
The Pattern¶
The Hiphil infinitive construct prefix הַ precedes the assimilated נ: dagesh forte in R2, followed by chiriq-yod. The form looks identical to the imperfect 3ms; the prefix vowel (patach הַ) and prepositional context distinguish it from the perfect 3ms (הִגִּישׁ, which has hiriq הִ).
| Form | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נגשׁ) | I-נ (נפל) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base | הַקְטִיל | הַגִּישׁ | הַפִּיל |
| With לְ | לְהַקְטִיל | לְהַגִּישׁ | לְהַפִּיל |
| With בְּ | בְּהַקְטִיל | בְּהַגִּישׁ | בְּהַפִּיל |
Key: Patach under הַ + dagesh forte in R2 + chiriq-yod. Distinguished from the perfect 3ms only by the prefix vowel: הַ (patach) vs. הִ (hiriq).
Attested passages: - לְהַגִּישׁ (Mal 1:7) — "by offering polluted food on my altar" - לְהַפִּיל (Num 33:54) — "to divide the land as an inheritance"
Infinitive Absolute — I-נ¶
The Pattern¶
The Hiphil infinitive absolute takes dagesh forte in R2 and ends in tsere.
| Form | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נפל) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard | הַקְטֵל | הַפֵּל |
Participle — I-נ¶
The Pattern¶
The Hiphil participle prefix מַ precedes the assimilated נ: dagesh forte in R2, followed by chiriq-yod in the ms form. The assimilation is present in the participle just as in every other conjugation.
| Form | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נגשׁ) | I-נ (נפל) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ms | מַקְטִיל | מַגִּישׁ | מַפִּיל |
| fs | מַקְטֶלֶת | מַגֶּשֶׁת | מַפֶּלֶת |
| mp | מַקְטִילִים | מַגִּישִׁים | מַפִּילִים |
| fp | מַקְטִילוֹת | מַגִּישׁוֹת | מַפִּילוֹת |
Key: מַ + dagesh forte in R2 + chiriq-yod (ms).
Attested passages: - מַגִּישׁ (Mal 2:12) — "one who brings an offering to the LORD of hosts"
Summary — I-נ Hiphil at a Glance¶
| Conjugation | Strong (קטל) | I-נ (נגשׁ) | Key feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perfect | הִקְטִיל | הִגִּישׁ | Hiriq הִ prefix + dagesh in R2 |
| Imperfect | יַקְטִיל | יַגִּישׁ | Patach prefix + dagesh in R2 + chiriq-yod |
| Wayyiqtol | וַיַּקְטֵל | וַיַּגֵּשׁ | Dagesh in R2 + tsere final |
| Weqatal | וְהִקְטִיל | וְהִגִּישׁ | Same as perfect |
| Imperative | הַקְטֵל | הַגֵּשׁ | Patach הַ prefix + dagesh in R2 + tsere (2ms) |
| Inf. Construct | הַקְטִיל | הַגִּישׁ | Patach הַ (vs. hiriq הִ in perfect) + dagesh in R2 |
| Inf. Absolute | הַקְטֵל | הַגֵּשׁ | Dagesh in R2 + tsere |
| Participle | מַקְטִיל | מַגִּישׁ | מַ prefix + dagesh in R2 + chiriq-yod |