Piel Weak Paradigm Tables — פִּעֵל
Model roots: one per weak class. Piel strong (דבר) shown in left column for comparison.
The Dagesh Forte in R2 is the defining Piel marker in every class where R2 can accept it.
Sources: Attested forms are drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB). Unattested theoretical forms are derived from standard Piel morphological rules (Pratico & Van Pelt §31; GKC §52–55) and are marked †. In paradigm study these theoretical forms represent the expected outputs of the documented phonological rules for each weak root class.
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II-Guttural (Ayin-Guttural) — Model Root בּאר
BBH Ch31 priority class — the only Piel weak class that exhibits major spelling changes.
Attested Piel forms: בֵּאַר (Deut 1:5, "Moses began to expound this law"); מְבֹאָר (Deut 27:8, "very clearly")
Why three simultaneous changes occur
In the Piel, R2 must carry Dagesh Forte (the defining Piel marker). When R2 is a guttural, it refuses that dagesh. Three compensating changes follow:
- No Dagesh in R2 — the guttural simply cannot double
- Compensatory lengthening — the syllable before R2 was closed (dagesh forte closed it); without the dagesh it opens, and the short vowel lengthens:
- Short Hireq [ִ] under R1 → Long Tsere [ֵ] (Perfect)
- Short Patach [ַ] under R1 → Long Qamets [ָ] (Imperfect, Imperative, Participle)
- A-class preference — the guttural at R2 takes Patach [ַ] instead of Tsere [ֵ]
No other weak class produces all three changes at once, which is why BBH singles out II-Guttural as the class that "exhibits any major changes in spelling."
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: Tsere [ֵ] under R1 (compensatory; contrast strong Piel Hireq); no Dagesh in R2; R2 takes Patach [ַ] or Hateph-Patach [ֲ] (before vowel suffixes, guttural takes hateph rather than simple shewa).
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel II-Guttural (בּאר — explain) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
בֵּאַר |
R1 hireq → tsere; no dagesh in א; א takes patach. Attested: Deut 1:5 |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
בֵּאֲרָה |
R2 shewa (strong) → hateph-patach (aleph refuses simple shewa) |
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
בֵּאַרְתָּ |
R1 tsere stays; R2 patach before consonantal suffix |
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
בֵּאַרְתְּ |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
בֵּאַרְתִּי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
בֵּאֲרוּ |
R2 hateph-patach before vowel suffix |
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
בֵּאַרְתֶּם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
בֵּאַרְתֶּן |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
בֵּאַרְנוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
Diagnostic: Qamets [ָ] under R1 (compensatory of Patach; contrast strong Piel Patach); no Dagesh in R2; R2 takes Patach or Hateph-Patach.
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel II-Guttural (בּאר) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְבָאַר |
R1 patach → qamets; no dagesh in א; א takes patach |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּבָאַר |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּבָאַר |
|
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּבָאֲרִי |
R2 hateph-patach before vowel suffix |
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲבָאַר |
prefix aleph has hateph (unchanged); R2 patach |
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְבָאֲרוּ |
R2 hateph-patach before vowel suffix |
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּבָאַרְנָה |
R2 patach; נָה suffix |
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּבָאֲרוּ |
|
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּבָאַרְנָה |
|
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְבָאַר |
|
Wayyiqtol
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel II-Guttural (בּאר) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְבָאַר |
וַיְ prefix; qamets under R1; patach under R2 |
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְבָאֲרוּ |
hateph-patach under R2 before vowel suffix |
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel II-Guttural (בּאר) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְבֵאַר |
וְ + perfect form; tsere under R1; patach under R2 |
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel II-Guttural (בּאר) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
בָּאַר |
qamets under R1 (compensatory); patach under R2; no prefix or suffix |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
בָּאֲרִי |
hateph-patach under R2 before vowel suffix |
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
בָּאֲרוּ |
hateph-patach under R2 before vowel suffix |
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
בָּאַרְנָה |
patach under R2; נָה suffix |
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel II-Guttural (בּאר) |
Notes |
| Inf. Const. |
דַּבֵּר |
בָּאַר |
Same shape as Imperative 2ms; qamets under R1; patach under R2 |
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel II-Guttural (בּאר) |
Notes |
| Inf. Abs. |
דַּבֵּר |
בָּאַר |
Same as Inf. Construct in this class; context distinguishes |
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel II-Guttural (בּאר) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְבָאַר |
מְ prefix; qamets under R1; patach under R2. Cf. Deut 27:8 מְבֹאָר |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְבָאֶרֶת |
Feminine -ֶרֶת suffix |
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְבָאֲרִים |
hateph-patach under R2 before vowel suffix |
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְבָאֲרוֹת |
|
Key: II-Guttural is the only Piel weak class where the strong Piel diagnostic (Dagesh in R2) is truly replaced rather than merely absent from a consonant that could not receive it in any stem. The three simultaneous changes — no dagesh, lengthened R1 vowel, and a-class shift at R2 — produce forms that look substantially different from the strong Piel. Learn the three-change pattern as a unit.
I-guttural (Pe-Guttural) — Model Root חזק
Note: In the Piel, R1 always carries a full vowel (Hireq in perfect; Patach in imperfect/participle), so gutturals at R1 rarely need composite shewa. The main diagnostic is the guttural letter itself at R1.
Attested Piel forms of חזק: חִזְּקוּ (Neh 2:18 — "they strengthened their hands"), לְחַזֵּק (2 Kgs 12:6 — "to repair the temple"), תְּחַזֵּק (Job 4:3 — "you strengthen weak hands"), חַזְּקוּ (Isa 35:3 — "strengthen weak hands"), וְחִזַּקְתִּי (Ezek 30:24 — "I will strengthen").
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: Hireq under guttural R1 (ח takes Hireq as expected); Dagesh forte in R2; Tsere
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-guttural (חזק — strengthen) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
חִזֵּק |
ח takes Hireq; Dagesh forte in ז; Tsere |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
חִזְּקָה |
|
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
חִזַּקְתָּ |
Patach under R2 before consonantal suffix |
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
חִזַּקְתְּ |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
חִזַּקְתִּי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
חִזְּקוּ |
Attested: Neh 2:18 |
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
חִזַּקְתֶּם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
חִזַּקְתֶּן† |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
חִזַּקְנוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
Diagnostic: Prefix keeps plain Shewa; R1 (ח) takes Patach (full vowel, not composite shewa); Dagesh in R2
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-guttural (חזק) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְחַזֵּק |
Prefix Shewa; ח takes Patach; Dagesh in ז; Tsere |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּחַזֵּק |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּחַזֵּק |
Attested: Job 4:3 |
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּחַזְּקִי |
Shewa under R2 before vocalic suffix |
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲחַזֵּק |
Aleph prefix takes hateph-patach (standard aleph behavior) |
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְחַזְּקוּ |
|
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּחַזֵּקְנָה |
|
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּחַזְּקוּ |
|
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּחַזֵּקְנָה |
Same form as 3fp |
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְחַזֵּק |
|
Wayyiqtol
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-guttural (חזק) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְחַזֵּק |
וַיְ prefix; ח takes Patach; Dagesh in R2 |
| 3fs |
וַתְּדַבֵּר |
וַתְּחַזֵּק |
|
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְחַזְּקוּ |
|
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-guttural (חזק) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְחִזֵּק† |
וְ + Perfect form; Hireq under ח retained |
| 3fs |
וְדִבְּרָה |
וְחִזְּקָה† |
|
| 2ms |
וְדִבַּרְתָּ |
וְחִזַּקְתָּ† |
Attested as waw-consecutive: וְחִזַּקְתִּי (Ezek 30:24) |
| 3cp |
וְדִבְּרוּ |
וְחִזְּקוּ† |
|
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-guttural (חזק) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
חַזֵּק |
ח takes Patach; Dagesh in ז; Tsere |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
חַזְּקִי |
Shewa under R2 before vocalic suffix |
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
חַזְּקוּ |
Attested: Isa 35:3 |
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
חַזֵּקְנָה |
|
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-guttural (חזק) |
Notes |
| Base |
דַּבֵּר |
חַזֵּק |
Same form as Imperative 2ms |
| + לְ |
לְדַבֵּר |
לְחַזֵּק |
Attested: 2 Kgs 12:6 |
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-guttural (חזק) |
Notes |
| Standard |
דַּבֵּר |
חַזֵּק† |
Tsere under R2; ח at R1 position |
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-guttural (חזק) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְחַזֵּק |
מְ prefix; ח takes Patach; Dagesh in ז; Tsere |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְחַזֶּקֶת |
|
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְחַזְּקִים |
|
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְחַזְּקוֹת |
|
Key: I-guttural Piel forms are nearly identical to strong Piel. Because R1 always carries a full vowel (Hireq/Patach), composite shewa is rarely triggered. The guttural letter at R1 is the main visual marker. Compare I-guttural Qal (where R1 shewa is frequent and composite shewa is prominent) to see why the Piel is the "easiest" stem for I-guttural roots.
III-ח/ע (Lamed-Guttural) — Model Root שׁלח
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: Patach before word-final ח or ע in stressed open syllable; suffix closes syllable and patach furtive disappears
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ח (שלח — send away) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
שִׁלַּח |
Hireq under R1; Dagesh in ל; Patach before ח |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
שִׁלְּחָה |
Suffix closes syllable; no patach furtive |
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
שִׁלַּחְתָּ |
Patach under ל; ח before consonantal suffix |
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
שִׁלַּחְתְּ |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
שִׁלַּחְתִּי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
שִׁלְּחוּ |
Shewa under R2 before vocalic suffix |
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
שִׁלַּחְתֶּם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
שִׁלַּחְתֶּן† |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
שִׁלַּחְנוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ח (שלח) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְשַׁלַּח |
Prefix Shewa; Patach under R1; Dagesh in ל; Patach before ח |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּשַׁלַּח |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּשַׁלַּח |
|
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּשַׁלְּחִי |
Shewa under R2 before vocalic suffix |
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲשַׁלַּח |
|
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְשַׁלְּחוּ |
|
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה |
Patach before ח; נָה suffix |
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּשַׁלְּחוּ |
Same form as 3mp |
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה |
Same form as 3fp |
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְשַׁלַּח |
|
Wayyiqtol
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ח (שלח) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְשַׁלַּח |
וַיְ prefix; Dagesh in ל; Patach before ח |
| 3fs |
וַתְּדַבֵּר |
וַתְּשַׁלַּח |
|
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ |
|
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ח (שלח) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְשִׁלַּח |
וְ + Perfect form; Patach before ח retained |
| 3fs |
וְדִבְּרָה |
וְשִׁלְּחָה† |
|
| 2ms |
וְדִבַּרְתָּ |
וְשִׁלַּחְתָּ† |
|
| 3cp |
וְדִבְּרוּ |
וְשִׁלְּחוּ† |
|
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ח (שלח) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
שַׁלַּח |
Patach under R1; Dagesh in ל; Patach before ח |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
שַׁלְּחִי |
Shewa under R2 before vocalic suffix |
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
שַׁלְּחוּ |
|
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
שַׁלַּחְנָה |
|
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ח (שלח) |
Notes |
| Base |
דַּבֵּר |
שַׁלַּח |
Same form as Imperative 2ms |
| + לְ |
לְדַבֵּר |
לְשַׁלַּח |
|
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ח (שלח) |
Notes |
| Standard |
דַּבֵּר |
שַׁלֵּחַ |
Tsere under R2; patach furtive before final ח (OT: attested pattern) |
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ח (שלח) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְשַׁלֵּחַ |
מְ prefix; Tsere under R2; patach furtive before ח |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְשַׁלַּחַת |
Patach before ח; ת suffix |
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְשַׁלְּחִים |
|
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְשַׁלְּחוֹת† |
|
Key: The patach furtive is the single decisive III-ח/ע marker. Piel Dagesh forte in R2 is unaffected by a guttural at R3. Patach furtive appears only when ח/ע ends a stressed open syllable; suffixes remove it.
III-א (Lamed-Aleph) — Model Root מלא
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: Tsere under R2 + silent final א; before consonantal suffixes Tsere is retained (not shortened)
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-א (מלא — fill) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
מִלֵּא |
Hireq under R1; Dagesh in ל; Tsere + silent א |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
מִלְּאָה |
Shewa under ל; א before ה suffix |
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
מִלֵּאתָ |
Tsere under ל before consonantal suffix; silent א before ת |
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
מִלֵּאת |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
מִלֵּאתִי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
מִלְּאוּ |
Shewa under ל; א before ו suffix |
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
מִלֵּאתֶם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
מִלֵּאתֶן† |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
מִלֵּאנוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-א (מלא) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְמַלֵּא |
Prefix Shewa; Patach under R1; Dagesh in ל; Tsere + silent א |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּמַלֵּא |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּמַלֵּא |
|
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּמַלְּאִי† |
Shewa under ל; silent א before vocalic suffix |
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲמַלֵּא |
|
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְמַלְּאוּ |
|
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּמַלֶּאנָה† |
Seghol under R2 before נָה; quiescent א |
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּמַלְּאוּ† |
Same form as 3mp |
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּמַלֶּאנָה† |
Same form as 3fp |
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְמַלֵּא |
|
Wayyiqtol
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-א (מלא) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְמַלֵּא |
וַיְ prefix; Dagesh in ל; Tsere + silent א |
| 3fs |
וַתְּדַבֵּר |
וַתְּמַלֵּא |
|
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְמַלְּאוּ |
|
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-א (מלא) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְמִלֵּא† |
וְ + Perfect form; Tsere + silent א |
| 3fs |
וְדִבְּרָה |
וְמִלְּאָה† |
|
| 2ms |
וְדִבַּרְתָּ |
וְמִלֵּאתָ† |
|
| 3cp |
וְדִבְּרוּ |
וְמִלְּאוּ† |
|
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-א (מלא) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
מַלֵּא |
Patach under R1; Dagesh in ל; Tsere + silent א |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
מַלְּאִי† |
Shewa under ל; silent א |
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
מַלְּאוּ† |
|
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
מַלֶּאנָה† |
Seghol under R2 before נָה |
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-א (מלא) |
Notes |
| Base |
דַּבֵּר |
מַלֵּא |
Same form as Imperative 2ms |
| + לְ |
לְדַבֵּר |
לְמַלֵּא |
|
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-א (מלא) |
Notes |
| Standard |
דַּבֵּר |
מַלֵּא† |
Tsere under R2; silent final א |
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-א (מלא) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְמַלֵּא |
מְ prefix; Dagesh in ל; Tsere + silent א |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְמַלֵּאת† |
Tsere under ל before א + ת suffix |
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְמַלְּאִים |
|
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְמַלְּאוֹת† |
|
Key: The silent final א and the Tsere that precedes it are the III-א markers. The form looks like it "ends in a long vowel" but the א is written (though silent). Piel Dagesh forte in R2 is fully retained throughout.
III-ה (Lamed-He) — Model Roots צוה, גלה
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: Perfect 3ms ends in Dagesh-in-R2 + Tsere + ה mater; vocalic suffixes replace the ה; Hireq-Yod before consonantal suffixes in 2ms/2fs/1cs/2mp/2fp/1cp
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ה (צוה — command) |
Piel III-ה (גלה — uncover) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
צִוָּה |
גִּלָּה |
R2+Dagesh+Tsere+ה mater |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
צִוְּתָה |
גִּלְּתָה |
ה drops before ת suffix |
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
צִוִּיתָ |
גִּלִּיתָ |
Hireq-Yod before consonantal suffix |
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
צִוִּית |
גִּלִּית |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
צִוִּיתִי |
גִּלִּיתִי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
צִוּוּ |
גִּלּוּ |
ה drops; Shureq suffix |
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
צִוִּיתֶם |
גִּלִּיתֶם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
צִוִּיתֶן† |
גִּלִּיתֶן† |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
צִוִּינוּ |
גִּלִּינוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
Diagnostic: Ends in Seghol + ה mater; ה drops before vocalic suffixes (ו, י)
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ה (צוה) |
Piel III-ה (גלה) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְצַוֶּה |
יְגַלֶּה |
Seghol + ה final |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּצַוֶּה |
תְּגַלֶּה |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּצַוֶּה |
תְּגַלֶּה |
|
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּצַוִּי |
תְּגַלִּי |
ה drops before י suffix |
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲצַוֶּה |
אֲגַלֶּה |
|
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְצַוּוּ |
יְגַלּוּ |
ה drops before ו suffix |
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּצַוֶּינָה |
תְּגַלֶּינָה |
|
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּצַוּוּ |
תְּגַלּוּ |
Same form as 3mp |
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּצַוֶּינָה |
תְּגַלֶּינָה |
Same form as 3fp |
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְצַוֶּה |
נְגַלֶּה |
|
Wayyiqtol
Diagnostic: APOCOPATED — final ה drops; form ends at R2; Dagesh forte in R2 is the only remaining Piel marker
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ה (צוה) |
Piel III-ה (גלה) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְצַו |
וַיְגַל |
ה apocopated; Dagesh forte in R2 is the Piel marker |
| 3fs |
וַתְּדַבֵּר |
וַתְּצַו |
וַתְּגַל |
|
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְצַוּוּ |
וַיְגַלּוּ |
3mp — ה drops before ו |
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ה (צוה) |
Piel III-ה (גלה) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְצִוָּה |
וְגִלָּה |
וְ + Perfect form; ה mater retained |
| 3fs |
וְדִבְּרָה |
וְצִוְּתָה† |
וְגִלְּתָה† |
|
| 2ms |
וְדִבַּרְתָּ |
וְצִוִּיתָ† |
וְגִלִּיתָ† |
|
| 3cp |
וְדִבְּרוּ |
וְצִוּוּ† |
וְגִלּוּ† |
|
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ה (צוה) |
Piel III-ה (גלה) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
צַוֵּה |
גַּלֵּה |
Tsere + ה mater |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
צַוִּי |
גַּלִּי |
ה drops before vocalic suffix |
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
צַוּוּ |
גַּלּוּ |
|
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
צַוֶּינָה |
גַּלֶּינָה |
|
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ה (צוה) |
Piel III-ה (גלה) |
Notes |
| Base |
דַּבֵּר |
צַוּוֹת |
גַּלּוֹת |
וֹת suffix — standard III-ה infinitive construct |
| + לְ |
לְדַבֵּר |
לְצַוּוֹת |
לְגַלּוֹת |
|
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ה (צוה) |
Piel III-ה (גלה) |
Notes |
| Standard |
דַּבֵּר |
צַוֵּה |
גַּלֵּה |
Same form as Imperative 2ms |
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel III-ה (צוה) |
Piel III-ה (גלה) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְצַוֶּה |
מְגַלֶּה |
מְ prefix; Seghol + ה final |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְצַוָּה |
מְגַלָּה |
III-ה: ms = fs in unbound state |
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְצַוִּים |
מְגַלִּים |
ה drops before ים |
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְצַוּוֹת |
מְגַלּוֹת |
ה drops before וֹת |
Key: Dagesh Forte in R2 + ה mater = the Piel III-ה signature. When the Wayyiqtol apocopates and drops the ה, the Dagesh in R2 is the ONLY remaining Piel marker. This is why knowing the Piel Dagesh is so critical: it is the last marker standing in the apocopated form.
I-נ (Pe-Nun) — Model Root נצל
In the Piel, נ as R1 is preserved throughout — it does NOT assimilate (unlike in Qal/Hiphil). The Piel Dagesh forte in R2 is the Piel marker; no double-dagesh confusion arises.
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: נ at R1 with Hireq; Dagesh forte in R2 = Piel marker; Tsere
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-נ (נצל — rescue) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
נִצֵּל |
Hireq under נ; Dagesh forte in צ; Tsere |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
נִצְּלָה |
|
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
נִצַּלְתָּ |
|
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
נִצַּלְתְּ |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
נִצַּלְתִּי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
נִצְּלוּ |
|
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
נִצַּלְתֶּם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
נִצַּלְתֶּן† |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
נִצַּלְנוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-נ (נצל) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְנַצֵּל |
Prefix Shewa; Patach under נ; Dagesh forte in צ; Tsere |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּנַצֵּל |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּנַצֵּל |
|
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּנַצְּלִי |
|
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲנַצֵּל |
|
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְנַצְּלוּ |
|
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּנַצֵּלְנָה |
|
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּנַצְּלוּ |
|
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּנַצֵּלְנָה |
Same form as 3fp |
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְנַצֵּל |
Double-nun: prefix נ + root-initial נ |
Wayyiqtol
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-נ (נצל) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְנַצֵּל |
וַיְ prefix; נ at R1 intact; Dagesh in צ |
| 3fs |
וַתְּדַבֵּר |
וַתְּנַצֵּל |
|
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְנַצְּלוּ |
|
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-נ (נצל) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְנִצֵּל† |
וְ + Perfect form; נ at R1 with Hireq |
| 3fs |
וְדִבְּרָה |
וְנִצְּלָה† |
|
| 2ms |
וְדִבַּרְתָּ |
וְנִצַּלְתָּ† |
|
| 3cp |
וְדִבְּרוּ |
וְנִצְּלוּ† |
|
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-נ (נצל) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
נַצֵּל |
Patach under נ; Dagesh forte in צ; Tsere |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
נַצְּלִי |
|
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
נַצְּלוּ |
|
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
נַצֵּלְנָה |
|
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-נ (נצל) |
Notes |
| Base |
דַּבֵּר |
נַצֵּל |
Same form as Imperative 2ms |
| + לְ |
לְדַבֵּר |
לְנַצֵּל |
|
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-נ (נצל) |
Notes |
| Standard |
דַּבֵּר |
נַצֵּל† |
|
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-נ (נצל) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְנַצֵּל |
מְ prefix; Patach under נ; Dagesh forte in צ; Tsere |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְנַצֶּלֶת |
|
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְנַצְּלִים |
|
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְנַצְּלוֹת |
|
Key: The Piel preserves נ at R1 throughout — unlike the Qal imperfect or Hiphil where נ assimilates. The Piel Dagesh forte in R2 is the Piel marker. נ is simply a consonant that stays, so I-נ Piel forms look almost identical to strong Piel. Also common: נִחֵּם (to comfort, from נחם), where R2=ח (a guttural) receives compensatory lengthening instead of Dagesh forte.
I-י (Pe-Yod) — Model Root יסר
In the Piel, י as R1 is RETAINED as a full consonant — it does not quiesce or drop as in the Qal/Hiphil. The Piel's triconsonantal pattern preserves R1 throughout.
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: Hireq under י (R1 retained as consonant); Dagesh forte in R2; Tsere — identical pattern to strong Piel
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-י (יסר — discipline) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
יִסֵּר |
Hireq under י; Dagesh forte in ס; Tsere |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
יִסְּרָה |
|
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
יִסַּרְתָּ |
|
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
יִסַּרְתְּ |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
יִסַּרְתִּי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
יִסְּרוּ |
|
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
יִסַּרְתֶּם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
יִסַּרְתֶּן† |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
יִסַּרְנוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
Diagnostic: Double-yod sequence: imperfect prefix יְ + R1 י retained = יְיַ; Patach under R1-י; Dagesh in R2
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-י (יסר) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְיַסֵּר |
Double yod: prefix יְ + root-initial י with Patach |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּיַסֵּר |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּיַסֵּר |
|
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּיַסְּרִי |
|
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲיַסֵּר |
|
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְיַסְּרוּ |
|
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּיַסֵּרְנָה |
|
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּיַסְּרוּ |
|
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּיַסֵּרְנָה |
Same form as 3fp |
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְיַסֵּר |
|
Wayyiqtol
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-י (יסר) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְיַסֵּר |
וַיְ prefix + root-initial י; double yod |
| 3fs |
וַתְּדַבֵּר |
וַתְּיַסֵּר |
|
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְיַסְּרוּ |
|
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-י (יסר) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְיִסֵּר† |
וְ + Perfect form; Hireq under י |
| 3fs |
וְדִבְּרָה |
וְיִסְּרָה† |
|
| 2ms |
וְדִבַּרְתָּ |
וְיִסַּרְתָּ† |
|
| 3cp |
וְדִבְּרוּ |
וְיִסְּרוּ† |
|
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-י (יסר) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
יַסֵּר |
Patach under י; Dagesh forte in ס; Tsere |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
יַסְּרִי |
|
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
יַסְּרוּ |
|
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
יַסֵּרְנָה |
|
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-י (יסר) |
Notes |
| Base |
דַּבֵּר |
יַסֵּר |
Same form as Imperative 2ms |
| + לְ |
לְדַבֵּר |
לְיַסֵּר |
|
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-י (יסר) |
Notes |
| Standard |
דַּבֵּר |
יַסֵּר† |
|
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel I-י (יסר) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְיַסֵּר |
מְ prefix; Patach under י; Dagesh in ס; Tsere |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְיַסֶּרֶת |
|
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְיַסְּרִים |
|
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְיַסְּרוֹת |
|
Key: The double-yod in the imperfect (יְיַסֵּר) is the unmistakable I-י Piel marker. The perfect looks identical to strong Piel (יִסֵּר) — the root-initial י simply carries Hireq as any R1 would. Contrast with Qal imperfect where I-י typically quiesces: יֵשֵׁב vs. יְיַסֵּר.
Biconsonantal (II-ו/י) Polel — Model Root קום → קומם
Biconsonantal roots use the POLEL pattern as the Piel equivalent: R3 is geminated (written twice) to supply the missing consonant. Holem-Vav is the medial vowel for ו-class roots.
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: Holem-Vav medial; Dagesh forte in R3 (R3 doubled = Piel marker); Tsere final
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Polel (קום → קומם — set up, restore) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
קוֹמֵם |
Holem-Vav; Dagesh forte in מ (R3 doubled); Tsere |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
קוֹמְמָה |
Shewa under מ before ה suffix |
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
קוֹמַמְתָּ |
Patach under מ before consonantal suffix |
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
קוֹמַמְתְּ |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
קוֹמַמְתִּי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
קוֹמְמוּ |
Shewa under מ before ו suffix |
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
קוֹמַמְתֶּם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
קוֹמַמְתֶּן† |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
קוֹמַמְנוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Polel (קום → קומם) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְקוֹמֵם |
Prefix Shewa; Holem-Vav; Dagesh in doubled מ; Tsere |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּקוֹמֵם |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּקוֹמֵם |
|
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּקוֹמְמִי |
Shewa under מ before vocalic suffix |
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲקוֹמֵם |
|
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְקוֹמְמוּ |
|
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּקוֹמֵמְנָה† |
|
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּקוֹמְמוּ |
|
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּקוֹמֵמְנָה† |
Same form as 3fp |
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְקוֹמֵם |
|
Wayyiqtol
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Polel (קום → קומם) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְקוֹמֵם |
וַיְ prefix; Holem-Vav; Dagesh in doubled מ |
| 3fs |
וַתְּדַבֵּר |
וַתְּקוֹמֵם |
|
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְקוֹמְמוּ |
|
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Polel (קום → קומם) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְקוֹמֵם† |
וְ + Perfect form; Holem-Vav retained |
| 3fs |
וְדִבְּרָה |
וְקוֹמְמָה† |
|
| 2ms |
וְדִבַּרְתָּ |
וְקוֹמַמְתָּ† |
|
| 3cp |
וְדִבְּרוּ |
וְקוֹמְמוּ† |
|
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Polel (קום → קומם) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
קוֹמֵם |
Holem-Vav; Dagesh in doubled מ; Tsere |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
קוֹמְמִי |
Shewa under מ before vocalic suffix |
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
קוֹמְמוּ |
|
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
קוֹמֵמְנָה† |
|
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Polel (קום → קומם) |
Notes |
| Base |
דַּבֵּר |
קוֹמֵם |
Same form as Imperative 2ms / Perfect 3ms |
| + לְ |
לְדַבֵּר |
לְקוֹמֵם |
|
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Polel (קום → קומם) |
Notes |
| Standard |
דַּבֵּר |
קוֹמֵם† |
Same form as Perfect 3ms in most traditions |
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Polel (קום → קומם) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְקוֹמֵם |
מְ prefix; Holem-Vav; Dagesh in doubled מ; Tsere |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְקוֹמֶמֶת† |
Seghol under מ before ת suffix |
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְקוֹמְמִים |
|
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְקוֹמְמוֹת† |
|
Key: Holem-Vav medial + Dagesh forte in R3 (doubled) + Tsere = the Polel/Piel biconsonantal signature. The Piel Dagesh is in R3 (not R2) because R3 is doubled to fill the structural gap left by the missing R2. שׁוֹרֵר (from שִׁיר/שׁוּר, "to sing") follows the same pattern.
Geminate (Ayin-Doubled, II=III) — Model Root הלל
Perfect (Qatal)
Diagnostic: Hireq under R1; Dagesh forte in R2 (= R2 and R3, the same letter); Tsere — nearly identical to strong Piel
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel Geminate (הלל — praise) |
Piel Geminate (קלל — curse) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
דִּבֵּר |
הִלֵּל |
קִלֵּל |
Dagesh in ל does double duty: Piel + geminate |
| 3fs |
דִּבְּרָה |
הִלְּלָה |
קִלְּלָה |
|
| 2ms |
דִּבַּרְתָּ |
הִלַּלְתָּ |
קִלַּלְתָּ |
|
| 2fs |
דִּבַּרְתְּ |
הִלַּלְתְּ |
קִלַּלְתְּ |
|
| 1cs |
דִּבַּרְתִּי |
הִלַּלְתִּי |
קִלַּלְתִּי |
|
| 3cp |
דִּבְּרוּ |
הִלְּלוּ |
קִלְּלוּ |
|
| 2mp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּם |
הִלַּלְתֶּם |
קִלַּלְתֶּם |
|
| 2fp |
דִּבַּרְתֶּן |
הִלַּלְתֶּן† |
קִלַּלְתֶּן† |
|
| 1cp |
דִּבַּרְנוּ |
הִלַּלְנוּ |
קִלַּלְנוּ |
|
Imperfect (Yiqtol)
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel Geminate (הלל) |
Piel Geminate (קלל) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
יְדַבֵּר |
יְהַלֵּל |
יְקַלֵּל |
Prefix Shewa; Patach under R1; Dagesh in doubled R2; Tsere |
| 3fs |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּהַלֵּל |
תְּקַלֵּל |
|
| 2ms |
תְּדַבֵּר |
תְּהַלֵּל |
תְּקַלֵּל |
|
| 2fs |
תְּדַבְּרִי |
תְּהַלְּלִי |
תְּקַלְּלִי |
Dagesh forte retained; mobile shewa before vocalic suffix |
| 1cs |
אֲדַבֵּר |
אֲהַלֵּל |
אֲקַלֵּל |
|
| 3mp |
יְדַבְּרוּ |
יְהַלְּלוּ |
יְקַלְּלוּ |
|
| 3fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּהַלֵּלְנָה |
תְּקַלֵּלְנָה |
|
| 2mp |
תְּדַבְּרוּ |
תְּהַלְּלוּ |
תְּקַלְּלוּ |
|
| 2fp |
תְּדַבֵּרְנָה |
תְּהַלֵּלְנָה |
תְּקַלֵּלְנָה |
Same form as 3fp |
| 1cp |
נְדַבֵּר |
נְהַלֵּל |
נְקַלֵּל |
|
Wayyiqtol
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel Geminate (הלל) |
Piel Geminate (קלל) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וַיְדַבֵּר |
וַיְהַלֵּל |
וַיְקַלֵּל |
Standard Piel wayyiqtol; doubled R2 with Dagesh |
| 3fs |
וַתְּדַבֵּר |
וַתְּהַלֵּל |
וַתְּקַלֵּל |
|
| 3mp |
וַיְדַבְּרוּ |
וַיְהַלְּלוּ |
וַיְקַלְּלוּ |
|
Weqatal
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel Geminate (הלל) |
Piel Geminate (קלל) |
Notes |
| 3ms |
וְדִבֵּר |
וְהִלֵּל† |
וְקִלֵּל† |
וְ + Perfect form |
| 3fs |
וְדִבְּרָה |
וְהִלְּלָה† |
וְקִלְּלָה† |
|
| 2ms |
וְדִבַּרְתָּ |
וְהִלַּלְתָּ† |
וְקִלַּלְתָּ† |
|
| 3cp |
וְדִבְּרוּ |
וְהִלְּלוּ† |
וְקִלְּלוּ† |
|
Imperative
| Person |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel Geminate (הלל) |
Piel Geminate (קלל) |
Notes |
| 2ms |
דַּבֵּר |
הַלֵּל |
קַלֵּל |
Patach under R1; Dagesh forte in doubled R2; Tsere |
| 2fs |
דַּבְּרִי |
הַלְּלִי |
קַלְּלִי |
|
| 2mp |
דַּבְּרוּ |
הַלְּלוּ |
קַלְּלוּ |
|
| 2fp |
דַּבֵּרְנָה |
הַלֵּלְנָה |
קַלֵּלְנָה |
|
Infinitive Construct
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel Geminate (הלל) |
Piel Geminate (קלל) |
Notes |
| Base |
דַּבֵּר |
הַלֵּל |
קַלֵּל |
Same form as Imperative 2ms |
| + לְ |
לְדַבֵּר |
לְהַלֵּל |
לְקַלֵּל |
|
Infinitive Absolute
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel Geminate (הלל) |
Piel Geminate (קלל) |
Notes |
| Standard |
דַּבֵּר |
הַלֵּל† |
קַלֵּל† |
|
Participle
| Form |
Piel Strong (דבר) |
Piel Geminate (הלל) |
Piel Geminate (קלל) |
Notes |
| ms |
מְדַבֵּר |
מְהַלֵּל |
מְקַלֵּל |
מְ prefix; Patach under R1; Dagesh in doubled R2; Tsere |
| fs |
מְדַבֶּרֶת |
מְהַלֶּלֶת† |
מְקַלֶּלֶת† |
Seghol under R2 before ת |
| mp |
מְדַבְּרִים |
מְהַלְּלִים |
מְקַלְּלִים |
|
| fp |
מְדַבְּרוֹת |
מְהַלְּלוֹת† |
מְקַלְּלוֹת† |
|
Key: Geminate Piel is the "easiest" of the weak classes: the forms are virtually identical to strong Piel. The Dagesh in R2 does double duty — it is both the Piel stem marker and the geminate doubling. Identification depends on knowing the root. הִלֵּל looks strong — only knowing that הלל is a geminate root reveals what you are looking at.
Quick Reference: Piel Weak Class Diagnostics
| Class |
Perfect 3ms |
Imperfect 3ms |
Participle ms |
Key diagnostic |
| Strong |
דִּבֵּר |
יְדַבֵּר |
מְדַבֵּר |
Hireq + Dagesh forte in R2 + Tsere |
| I-guttural |
עִזֵּר |
יְעַזֵּר |
מְעַזֵּר |
Guttural letter at R1; forms otherwise match strong |
| III-ח/ע |
שִׁלַּח |
יְשַׁלַּח |
מְשַׁלֵּחַ |
Patach before final ח/ע; patach furtive in open stressed syllable |
| III-א |
מִלֵּא |
יְמַלֵּא |
מְמַלֵּא |
Tsere + silent final א |
| III-ה |
צִוָּה |
יְצַוֶּה |
מְצַוֶּה |
ה mater final; apocopated wayyiqtol (ה drops) |
| I-נ |
נִצֵּל |
יְנַצֵּל |
מְנַצֵּל |
נ at R1 preserved; forms parallel strong |
| I-י |
יִסֵּר |
יְיַסֵּר |
מְיַסֵּר |
י at R1 retained; double-yod in imperfect (יְיַ) |
| Biconsonantal (Polel) |
קוֹמֵם |
יְקוֹמֵם |
מְקוֹמֵם |
Holem-Vav medial; R3 doubled with Dagesh forte |
| Geminate |
הִלֵּל |
יְהַלֵּל |
מְהַלֵּל |
R2 = R3; Dagesh does double duty; identical to strong in form |
Piel Dagesh forte in R2 is present in every class where R2 can accept it. Where R2 is a guttural (as in נחם: R2=ח), compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel replaces the Dagesh.
See Ch30 Piel Strong Paradigms for the full strong-root PGN tables.