Chapter 32 — Pual Strong Morphology Deck¶
Download: Anki import (.txt) · Flashcards Deluxe (-fd.txt)
Scope note: This deck provides diagnostic-highlights coverage — not all PGN forms for every conjugation. Weqatal forms are included for 3ms, 2ms, and 1cs for שבר. Note: The Pual has no Imperative — passive stems do not take imperatival forms. For full paradigm practice across all PGN slots, use the paradigm drill exercise.
19 cards covering 3 roots across key Pual conjugations for strong verbs, including a compensatory-lengthening root.
Roots: - שבר (passive intensive) — to be broken, shattered - ספר (passive simple action) — to be counted, told - ברך (compensatory lengthening, R2=ר) — to be blessed
Key Diagnostic Summary¶
| Card Front | Expected Back |
|---|---|
| TWO universal Pual markers | Qibbuts (ֻ) under R1 + Daghesh Forte in R2 |
| How does Pual Perfect 3ms differ from Piel Perfect 3ms? | Pual קֻטַּל (Qibbuts under R1) vs. Piel קִטֵּל (Hireq under R1) — same Daghesh Forte in R2 |
| What happens when R2 = ר in the Pual? | Qibbuts under R1 lengthens to Holem (compensatory lengthening); ר has no Daghesh |
| Pual vs. Hophal — decisive separator | Daghesh Forte in R2 is present in Pual (inherited from Piel); absent in Hophal |
| Pual Participle vowel pattern | מְ prefix + Qibbuts under R1 + Daghesh Forte in R2 + Qamets under R2 (מְקֻטָּל) |
Pual — שׁבר (to be broken, shattered)¶
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| שֻׁבַּר | שבר Pual+Perfect+3ms — "it was broken/shattered" — passive intensive; Qibbuts under R1 + Daghesh in R2 |
| שֻׁבַּרְתָּ | שבר Pual+Perfect+2ms — "you were broken" — 2ms suffix תָּ; Daghesh in R2 |
| יְשֻׁבַּר | שבר Pual+Imperfect+3ms — "it will be broken" — יְ prefix (shewa) + Qibbuts + Daghesh in R2 |
| וַיְשֻׁבַּר | שבר Pual+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "and it was broken" — וַיְ prefix (same as Piel); Qibbuts under R1 distinguishes Pual |
| מְשֻׁבָּר | שבר Pual+Participle+ms — "broken" — מְ prefix + Qibbuts + Daghesh in R2 + Qamets under R2 |
| וְשֻׁבַּר | שבר Pual+Weqatal+3ms — "and it will be broken / then it was broken" — וְ + Pual Perfect 3ms |
| וְשֻׁבַּרְתָּ | שבר Pual+Weqatal+2ms — "and you will be broken / then you were broken" |
| וְשֻׁבַּרְתִּי | שבר Pual+Weqatal+1cs — "and I will be broken / then I was broken" |
Pual — ספר (to be counted, told)¶
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| סֻפַּר | ספר Pual+Perfect+3ms — "it was told/counted" — Qibbuts under R1 + Daghesh in R2; Exo 18:8 |
| סֻפַּרְתִּי | ספר Pual+Perfect+1cs — "I was counted" — 1cs suffix תִּי |
| יְסֻפַּר | ספר Pual+Imperfect+3ms — "it will be told" — יְ prefix + Qibbuts + Daghesh in R2 |
| וַיְסֻפַּר | ספר Pual+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "and it was told" — וַיְ prefix marks Pual Wayyiqtol |
| מְסֻפָּר | ספר Pual+Participle+ms — "what is counted/told" — מְ prefix; Qamets under R2 |
| סֻפַּר (+ לְ/בְּ) | ספר Pual+Infinitive Construct — "to be told" — identical in form to Perfect 3ms; prepositions distinguish |
Pual — ברך (to be blessed) — Compensatory Lengthening¶
Note: R2=ר rejects Daghesh Forte throughout. The missing dagesh triggers compensatory lengthening: Qibbuts under R1 lengthens to Holem (בֹּ). This Holem is a marker of Pual — contrast the Qal ms Participle (בֹּרֵךְ — rare) and Qal Infinitive Absolute.
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| בֹּרַךְ | ברך Pual+Perfect+3ms — "he was blessed" — Holem under R1 (compensatory lengthening); no Daghesh in ר |
| בֹּרַכְתָּ | ברך Pual+Perfect+2ms — "you were blessed" — Holem under R1 throughout |
| יְבֹרַךְ | ברך Pual+Imperfect+3ms — "he will be blessed" — יְ prefix; Holem replaces expected Qibbuts |
| וְבֹרַךְ | ברך Pual+Weqatal+3ms — "and he will be blessed / then he was blessed" — וְ + Pual Perfect |
| מְבֹרָךְ | ברך Pual+Participle+ms — "blessed" — מְ prefix; Holem under R1 (not Qibbuts); Ps 113:2 |