Chapter 34 — Hithpael Strong Morphology Deck
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Scope note: This deck provides diagnostic-highlights coverage — not all PGN forms for every conjugation. Weqatal forms are included for 3ms, 2ms, and 1cs. For full paradigm practice across all PGN slots, use the paradigm drill exercise. Special note: the Hithpael Perfect 3ms, Imperative 2ms, Infinitive Construct, and Infinitive Absolute are all identical in form (הִתְקַדֵּשׁ) — context alone distinguishes them.
26 cards covering 2 roots across the main Hithpael conjugations, plus metathesis, assimilation, and Hishtaphel identification cards.
Roots:
- קדש (intensive-reflexive) — to sanctify oneself
- חזק (reflexive / simple action) — to strengthen oneself, take courage
- שׁמר (metathesis) — to guard oneself → הִשְׁתַּמֵּר
- סתר (metathesis) — to hide oneself → הִסְתַּתֵּר
- דבר (assimilation) — to speak with → הִדַּבֵּר
- שׁחה (Hishtaphel) — to bow down, worship → הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה
Key Diagnostic Summary
| Card Front |
Expected Back |
| What are the THREE universal Hithpael diagnostics? |
הִתְ prefix (varies by conjugation: יִתְ/תִּתְ Imperfect, מִתְ Participle) + Pathach under R1 + Daghesh Forte in R2 |
| Which FOUR Hithpael forms look identical? |
Perfect 3ms = Imperative 2ms = Infinitive Construct = Infinitive Absolute — all: הִתְקַדֵּשׁ |
| Hithpael Participle prefix |
מִתְ — the only conjugation with מִ; contrast Piel (מְ + Patach) and Pual (מְ + Qibbuts) |
| What triggers Hithpael metathesis? |
A sibilant (שׁ, שׂ, ס, צ) as R1 — ת of the prefix switches position with the sibilant |
| What is הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה, and why is it not Hithpael? |
Hishtaphel of שׁחה — the unique Hishtaphel stem (only verb in this stem); 173× in OT = "he worshiped / bowed down" |
Hithpael — קדש (to sanctify oneself)
| Front |
Back |
| הִתְקַדֵּשׁ |
קדש Hithpael+Perfect+3ms — "he sanctified himself" — intensive-reflexive; same form as Imp. 2ms, Inf. Cs., Inf. Abs. |
| הִתְקַדַּשְׁתָּ |
קדש Hithpael+Perfect+2ms — "you sanctified yourself" — 2ms suffix תָּ; Pathach under ק, dagesh+Pathach in ד |
| הִתְקַדַּשְׁתִּי |
קדש Hithpael+Perfect+1cs — "I sanctified myself" — 1cs suffix תִּי |
| יִתְקַדֵּשׁ |
קדש Hithpael+Imperfect+3ms — "he will sanctify himself" — יִתְ preformative; Pathach under ק, Daghesh+Tsere in ד |
| וַיִּתְקַדֵּשׁ |
קדש Hithpael+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "and he sanctified himself" — וַיִּ prefix (Patach + Hireq + dagesh in yod) + תְ |
| וְהִתְקַדֵּשׁ |
קדש Hithpael+Weqatal+3ms — "and he will sanctify himself / then he sanctified himself" — וְ + Hithpael Perfect 3ms |
| וְהִתְקַדַּשְׁתָּ |
קדש Hithpael+Weqatal+2ms — "and you will sanctify yourself / then you sanctified yourself" |
| וְהִתְקַדַּשְׁתִּי |
קדש Hithpael+Weqatal+1cs — "and I will sanctify myself / then I sanctified myself" |
| הִתְקַדֵּשׁ! |
קדש Hithpael+Imperative+2ms — "sanctify yourself!" — identical form to Perfect 3ms, Inf. Cs., and Inf. Abs.; imperatival context distinguishes |
| הִתְקַדֵּשׁ (+ לְ/כְּ) |
קדש Hithpael+Infinitive Construct — "to sanctify oneself / when sanctifying oneself" — prepositions signal Inf. Cs. |
| מִתְקַדֵּשׁ |
קדש Hithpael+Participle+ms — "one who sanctifies himself" — מִתְ prefix; unique to Hithpael Participle |
Hithpael — חזק (to strengthen oneself)
| Front |
Back |
| הִתְחַזֵּק |
חזק Hithpael+Perfect+3ms — "he strengthened himself / took courage" — simple action / reflexive |
| הִתְחַזַּקְתִּי |
חזק Hithpael+Perfect+1cs — "I strengthened myself" — 1cs suffix תִּי; dagesh+Pathach in ז |
| יִתְחַזֵּק |
חזק Hithpael+Imperfect+3ms — "he will strengthen himself" — יִתְ preformative |
| וַיִּתְחַזֵּק |
חזק Hithpael+Wayyiqtol+3ms — "and he strengthened himself" — וַיִּתְ prefix; 2 Chr 15:8 |
| מִתְחַזֵּק |
חזק Hithpael+Participle+ms — "one who strengthens himself" — מִתְ prefix |
| Front |
Back |
| הִשְׁתַּמֵּר |
שׁמר Hithpael+Perfect+3ms — "he guarded himself" — R1=שׁ (sibilant): *הִתְשַׁמֵּר → ת and שׁ swap → הִשְׁתַּמֵּר; Deut 4:9 |
| הִסְתַּתֵּר |
סתר Hithpael+Perfect+3ms — "he hid himself" — R1=ס (sibilant): *הִתְסַתֵּר → ת and ס swap → הִסְתַּתֵּר; 1 Sam 23:19 |
| הִדַּבֵּר |
דבר Hithpael+Perfect+3ms — "he spoke with / conferred" — R1=ד: ת assimilates into ד → dagesh forte in ד; not the same as Piel דִּבֵּר |
Hishtaphel — שׁחה (to bow down, worship)
| Front |
Back |
| הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה |
שׁחה Hishtaphel+Perfect+3ms — "he worshiped / bowed down" — NOT Hithpael; unique Hishtaphel stem; III-ה verb; 173× in OT; Gen 18:2 |
| מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה |
שׁחה Hishtaphel+Participle+ms — "worshiping, bowing down" — מִשְׁתּ prefix (מִ + metathesized שׁת); het takes hateph-Pathach; Ps 22:28 |