Ch27 — Niphal–Hiphil Contrast Drill¶
Chapter 27 — Hiphil Weak
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A 20-item drill focused on distinguishing Niphal from Hiphil forms in weak roots. Each item asks students to identify the stem, parse the conjugation and PGN, give the root and weak class, and translate in context. Forms are drawn from attested OT passages only.
The exercise is organized in three parts: - Part A (items 1–8): Root pairs with contrasting Niphal and Hiphil meanings (שָׁמַע, מָצָא, גָּלָה/עָלָה, נָגַשׁ) - Part B (items 9–15): I-י and Biconsonantal roots where both stems use similar prefix patterns (יָלַד ×3, יָרַד, יָדַע, קוּם, כּוּן) - Part C (items 16–20): Mixed review from any weak class
Sample Questions¶
Q1. 1 נִשְׁמַע Est 1:20 "the decree ___ throughout all the kingdom" Niphal Hiphil Qal Hophal Perfect Imperfect Wayyiqtol Weqatal Imperative Inf. Construct Inf. Absolute Participle 1cs 1cp 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp 3ms 3fs 3mp 3cp ms fs mp fp I-guttural III- ח / ע III- א III- ה I- נ I- י Biconsonantal Geminate ▶
A: נִשְׁמַע Est 1:20 Niphal Perfect 3ms שָׁמַע III- ח / ע נִ prefix + Pathach furtive before final ע = Niphal III- ח / ע perfect
Q2. 2 הִשְׁמִיעַ 1 Kgs 15:22 "Asa ___ this throughout all Judah" Niphal Hiphil Qal Hophal Perfect Imperfect Wayyiqtol Weqatal Imperative Inf. Construct Inf. Absolute Participle 1cs 1cp 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp 3ms 3fs 3mp 3cp ms fs mp fp I-guttural III- ח / ע III- א III- ה I- נ I- י Biconsonantal Geminate ▶
A: הִשְׁמִיעַ 1 Kgs 15:22 Hiphil Perfect 3ms שָׁמַע III- ח / ע הִ prefix + chiriq-yod + Pathach furtive before ע = Hiphil III- ח / ע perfect
Q3. 3 יִמָּצֵא Gen 44:10 "only the one with whom it is found ___ my slave" Niphal Hiphil Qal Hophal Perfect Imperfect Wayyiqtol Weqatal Imperative Inf. Construct Inf. Absolute Participle 1cs 1cp 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp 3ms 3fs 3mp 3cp ms fs mp fp I-guttural III- ח / ע III- א III- ה I- נ I- י Biconsonantal Geminate ▶
A: יִמָּצֵא Gen 44:10 Niphal Imperfect 3ms מָצָא III- א יִמָּ cluster + Tsere + silent final א = Niphal III- א imperfect