Chapter 29 — Hophal Weak Verb Morphology Deck¶
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44 cards covering all eight Hophal weak root classes. The u-class prefix vowel (Shureq וּ or Qibbuts ֻ) is present in every card — the weak class only changes what happens to the root consonants around it.
Primary roots: קום (set up) · מות (die/put to death) · שׁוב (return) · נגד (tell/report) · גלה (exile) · ילד (bear/beget) · בוא (bring) · ירד (bring down)
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Key Diagnostic Summary¶
| Card Front | Expected Back |
|---|---|
| What prefix vowel is present in EVERY Hophal form regardless of weak class? | u-class: Qibbuts (ֻ) for strong, Pe-Nun, Lamed-weak, Pe-Guttural — Shureq (וּ) for Biconsonantal and Pe-Yod/Vav |
| Biconsonantal הוּקַם vs. Pe-Yod הוּלַד — both show Shureq; how to tell apart? | Count root consonants: 2 visible (ק+מ) = Biconsonantal; 3 with first quiesced (ל+ד) = Pe-Yod |
| What does Dagesh forte in R2 signal in a Hophal prefix conjugation? | Pe-Nun assimilation — root נ has assimilated into R2; e.g., יֻגַּד (נגד), יֻכֶּה (נכה) |
| What happened to the ה in וַיֻּגֶל (Lamed-He Wayyiqtol)? | Apocopation — final ה drops in Wayyiqtol; Seghol under last root consonant remains |
| What is מוֹת יוּמַת and why does it have two verb forms? | Legal formula: מוֹת = Qal Inf.Abs. (intensifier) + יוּמַת = Hophal Impf. 3ms; together = "shall SURELY be put to death" |
| Pe-Guttural: what changes when R1 is ע or ח? | Vocal shewa under R1 becomes composite shewa (hateph-patach ֲ for ע/ח); Hophal u-prefix is entirely unaffected |
Card List¶
| # | Front — Pointed Form | Reference | Root | Stem | Conjugation | PGN | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BICONSONANTAL (II-ו/י) | |||||||
| 1 | הוּקַם | Exo 40:17 | קום | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | the tabernacle was set up |
| 2 | הוּשַׁב | Gen 43:12 | שׁוב | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | the silver was returned |
| 3 | הֻמְתוּ | 2Sa 21:9 | מות | Hophal | Perfect | 3cp | they were put to death |
| 4 | יוּקַם | Num 9:15 | קום | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | the tabernacle was set up (on that day) |
| 5 | יוּמַת | Exo 31:14 | מות | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | shall be put to death |
| 6 | וַיּוּקַם | Exo 40:18 | קום | Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | and it was set up / erected |
| 7 | וַיּוּשַׁב | Exo 10:8 | שׁוב | Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | and he was brought back |
| 8 | מוּקָם | paradigm | קום | Hophal | Participle | ms | (being) set up / established |
| 9 | מוֹת יוּמַת | Exo 21:12 | מות | Hophal | Formula | — | "shall surely be put to death" |
| PE-NUN (I-נ) | |||||||
| 10 | הֻגַּד | Deu 17:4 | נגד | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | it has been told / reported |
| 11 | וְהֻגַּד | Deu 17:4 | נגד | Hophal | Weqatal | 3ms | and it has been told / reported to you |
| 12 | יֻגַּד | paradigm | נגד | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | it shall be told / reported |
| 13 | וַיֻּגַּד | Gen 22:20 | נגד | Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | and it was told to (Abraham) |
| 14 | הֻגֵּד | paradigm | נגד | Hophal | Inf. Absolute | — | to be declared / reported |
| 15 | הֻכָּה | Num 25:14 | נכה | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | was struck down (in the plague) |
| 16 | יֻכֶּה | Deu 25:2 | נכה | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | the guilty man shall be beaten |
| LAMED-HE (III-ה) | |||||||
| 17 | הֻגְלָה | Amos 1:5 | גלה | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | was exiled / sent into exile |
| 18 | הֻגְלוּ | Amos 1:6 | גלה | Hophal | Perfect | 3cp | they were exiled (a whole people) |
| 19 | יֻגְלֶה | paradigm | גלה | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | shall be exiled |
| 20 | וַיֻּגֶל | paradigm | גלה | Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | and he was exiled (apocopated form) |
| 21 | מֻגְלֶה | paradigm | גלה | Hophal | Participle | ms | (one) being exiled |
| PE-YOD/VAV (I-י/ו) | |||||||
| 22 | הוּלַד | Gen 21:5 | ילד | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | was born / begotten |
| 23 | יוּלַד | paradigm | ילד | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | shall be born |
| 24 | וַיּוּלַד | Gen 4:26 | ילד | Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | and a son was born (to Seth) |
| 25 | מוּלָד | paradigm | ילד | Hophal | Participle | ms | (one) being born / newborn |
| 26 | הוּבָא | Lev 10:18 | בוא | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | was brought in (to the sanctuary) |
| 27 | יוּבָא | Lev 6:30 | בוא | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | shall be brought in (as a sin offering) |
| 28 | הוּרַד | Gen 39:1 | ירד | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | was brought down (to Egypt) |
| GEMINATE / PE-NUN OVERLAP | |||||||
| 29 | יֻקַּם | Gen 4:15 | נקם | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | shall be avenged (sevenfold) |
| 30 | הֻקַּם | paradigm | נקם | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | was avenged |
| 31 | וַיֻּקַּם | paradigm | נקם | Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | and he/it was avenged |
| 32 | מֻקָּם | paradigm | נקם | Hophal | Participle | ms | (one who is) avenged |
| PE-GUTTURAL (I-ע/ח) | |||||||
| 33 | הֻעֲמַד | paradigm | עמד | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | was stationed / made to stand |
| 34 | יֻעֲמַד | paradigm | עמד | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | shall be stationed / set in place |
| 35 | מֻעֲמָד | paradigm | עמד | Hophal | Participle | ms | (one who is) stationed / appointed |
| LAMED-GUTTURAL (III-ח/ע) | |||||||
| 36 | יֻשְׁלַח | Job 18:8 | שׁלח | Hophal | Imperfect | 3ms | he is cast into a net by his own feet |
| 37 | מֻשְׁלָח | Isa 27:10 | שׁלח | Hophal | Participle | ms | forsaken / deserted (city) |
| LAMED-ALEPH (III-א) | |||||||
| 38 | הֻמְצָא | paradigm | מצא | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | was found / presented |
| 39 | וַיֻּקְרָא | Num 21:3 | קרא | Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | and the place was called (Hormah) |
| CONTRAST / DIAGNOSTIC | |||||||
| 40 | הוּקַם (Biconsonantal) vs. הוּלַד (Pe-Yod) | — | — | Hophal | Perfect | 3ms | both show Shureq prefix — how to tell them apart? |
| 41 | וַיֻּגַּד (Pe-Nun) vs. וַיֻּגְלָה (Lamed-He) | — | — | Hophal | Wayyiqtol | 3ms | same prefix — what distinguishes them? |
| 42 | What is the u-class prefix vowel in each weak class? | — | — | Hophal | — | — | match each weak class to its prefix vowel pattern |
| 43 | מֻכֶּה (Isa 53:4) — what two weak classes combine here? | Isa 53:4 | נכה | Hophal | Participle | ms | stricken (by God) — Isaiah 53 Servant Song |
| 44 | וַיּוּלַד vs. הוּלַד vs. יוּלַד — how do you distinguish? | — | ילד | Hophal | — | — | three Pe-Yod forms from the same root |
Conjugation / Class Coverage¶
| Conjugation | Weak classes / roots drilled | Cards |
|---|---|---|
| Perfect | Biconsonantal (קום, שׁוב, מות) · Pe-Nun (נגד, נכה) · Lamed-He (גלה) · Pe-Yod (ילד, בוא, ירד) · Geminate (נקם) · Pe-Guttural (עמד) · Lamed-Aleph (מצא) | 1–3, 10–11, 15, 17–18, 22, 26, 28, 30, 33, 38 |
| Imperfect | Biconsonantal (קום, מות) · Pe-Nun (נגד, נכה) · Lamed-He (גלה) · Pe-Yod (ילד, בוא) · Geminate (נקם) · Pe-Guttural (עמד) · Lamed-Guttural (שׁלח) | 4–5, 12, 16, 19, 23, 27, 29, 34, 36 |
| Wayyiqtol | Biconsonantal (קום, שׁוב) · Pe-Nun (נגד) · Lamed-He (גלה, apocopated) · Pe-Yod (ילד, בוא) · Geminate (נקם) · Lamed-Aleph (קרא) | 6–7, 13, 20, 24, 31, 39 |
| Weqatal | Pe-Nun (נגד) | 11 |
| Inf. Absolute | Pe-Nun (נגד) | 14 |
| Participle ms | Biconsonantal (קום) · Pe-Nun (נכה) · Lamed-He (גלה) · Pe-Yod (ילד) · Geminate (נקם) · Pe-Guttural (עמד) · Lamed-Guttural (שׁלח) | 8, 15, 21, 25, 32, 35, 37 |
| Formula | מוֹת יוּמַת (Inf.Abs. + Hophal Impf.) | 9 |
| Contrast / Diagnostic | Biconsonantal vs. Pe-Yod · Pe-Nun vs. Lamed-He Wayyiqtol · u-class prefix survey · doubly weak נכה (Isa 53:4) · Pe-Yod tense identification | 40–44 |