Chapter 28 — Hophal Strong Verb Morphology Deck¶

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40 cards covering all Hophal conjugations × PGN using strong roots only. Primary paradigm root: שׁלך (shin-lamed-kaf, "to cast/throw") — 13 OT Hophal occurrences. Secondary roots where better attested: פקד (Perfect 3ms, Lev 6:4), חרם (Imperfect 3ms, Lev 27:29), חרב (Inf.Abs., 2Ki 3:23). Forms marked "paradigm" have no OT Hophal strong root attestation for that PGN; forms are constructed by regular pattern. Import ch28-morphology-deck.txt directly into Anki (File → Import).

Key Diagnostic Summary¶

Card Front	Expected Back
What vowel marks the Hophal Perfect prefix (strong root)?	הָ (qamets hatuf, o-class) OR הֻ (qibbuts, u-class) — OT shows both; o-class predominates
What vowel marks the Hophal Imperfect prefix?	יֻ / תֻּ (qibbuts) — e.g., יֻשְׁלַךְ
What vowel marks the Hophal Participle prefix?	מֻ (mem + qibbuts) — e.g., מֻשְׁלָךְ
Does the Hophal Imperative exist?	Yes — but extremely rare (1 clear OT token: הָפְנוּ Jer 49:8); form identical to Perfect 3ms
How to distinguish Hophal Ptc. from Pual Ptc.?	Dagesh Forte in R2 → Pual; no Dagesh in R2 → Hophal
Hophal is the passive of which stem?	Hiphil (causative active)

Card List¶

#	Front — Pointed Form	Reference	Back — Root	Stem	Conjugation	PGN	Gloss
PERFECT
1	הָפְקַד	Lev 6:4	פקד	Hophal	Perfect	3ms	was entrusted/deposited
2	הֻשְׁלָכָה	Ezk 19:12	שׁלך	Hophal	Perfect	3fs	it was thrown down
3	הָשְׁלַכְתָּ	Isa 14:19	שׁלך	Hophal	Perfect	2ms	you have been cast out
4	הָשְׁלַכְתְּ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Perfect	2fs	you (fs) have been cast out
5	הָשְׁלַכְתִּי	Psa 22:10	שׁלך	Hophal	Perfect	1cs	I was cast (upon you)
6	הָשְׁלְכוּ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Perfect	3cp	they were cast out
7	הָשְׁלַכְתֶּם	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Perfect	2mp	you (mp) were cast out
8	הָשְׁלַכְתֶּן	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Perfect	2fp	you (fp) were cast out
9	הָשְׁלַכְנוּ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Perfect	1cp	we were cast out
IMPERFECT
10	יֻשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	3ms	he shall be cast out
11	תֻּשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	3fs	she shall be cast out
12	תֻּשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	2ms	you will be cast out (= 3fs)
13	תֻּשְׁלְכִי	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	2fs	you (fs) will be cast out
14	אֻשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	1cs	I will be cast out
15	יֻשְׁלָכוּ	Isa 34:3	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	3mp	they will be cast out
16	תֻּשְׁלַכְנָה	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	3fp	they (fp) will be cast out
17	תֻּשְׁלְכוּ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	2mp	you (mp) will be cast out
18	תֻּשְׁלַכְנָה	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	2fp	you (fp) will be cast out (= 3fp)
19	נֻשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperfect	1cp	we will be cast out
WAYYIQTOL
20	וַיֻּשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Wayyiqtol	3ms	and he was cast out
21	וַתֻּשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Wayyiqtol	3fs	and she was cast out
22	וַיֻּשְׁלְכוּ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Wayyiqtol	3mp	and they were cast out
WEQATAL
23	וַתֻּשְׁלְכִי	Ezk 16:5	שׁלך	Hophal	Weqatal	2fs	and you were thrown out
24	וְהָשְׁלַכְתָּ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Weqatal	2ms	and you shall be cast out
IMPERATIVE
25	הָשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperative	2ms	be cast out! (= Perfect 3ms in form)
26	הָשְׁלְכִי	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperative	2fs	be cast out! (fs)
27	הָשְׁלְכוּ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperative	2mp	be cast out! (mp) — cf. הָפְנוּ (Jer 49:8)
28	הָשְׁלַכְנָה	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Imperative	2fp	be cast out! (fp)
INF. CONSTRUCT
29	הָשְׁלַךְ	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Inf. Construct	—	to be cast out (= Perfect 3ms in form)
INF. ABSOLUTE
30	הָחֳרֵב	2Ki 3:23	חרב	Hophal	Inf. Absolute	—	(to be) laid waste — Tsere under R2
PARTICIPLE
31	מֻשְׁלָךְ	2Sa 20:21	שׁלך	Hophal	Participle	ms	(is) about to be thrown
32	מֻשְׁלֶכֶת	1Ki 13:24	שׁלך	Hophal	Participle	fs	thrown down
33	מֻשְׁלָכִים	Jer 14:16	שׁלך	Hophal	Participle	mp	thrown out
34	מֻשְׁלָכוֹת	paradigm	שׁלך	Hophal	Participle	fp	thrown out (fp)
CONTRAST / DIAGNOSTIC
35	הָשְׁלַכְתָּ vs. הִשְׁלַכְתָּ	—	שׁלך	—	—	—	Hophal = "you were cast out" (passive); Hiphil = "you threw out" (active) — הָ vs. הִ under prefix he
36	מֻשְׁלָכִים vs. מְשֻׁלָּכִים	—	שׁלך	—	Participle mp	—	Hophal = passive of causative (no Dagesh in R2) · Pual = passive of intensive (Dagesh Forte in R2)
37	יָחֳרַם	Lev 27:29	חרם	Hophal	Imperfect	3ms	shall be devoted to destruction — note o-class (qamets hatuf) prefix יָ; some roots prefer o-class in Imperfect
38	מֻפְקָדִים	2Ki 22:5	פקד	Hophal	Participle	mp	those appointed over — מֻ prefix; temple restoration context
39	What prefix marks Hophal Perfect (strong root) — o-class or u-class?	—	—	—	—	—	Both: הָ (qamets hatuf, o-class) predominates in OT — e.g., הָשְׁלַכְתָּ (Isa 14:19); הֻ (qibbuts, u-class) also attested — e.g., הֻשְׁלָכָה (Ezk 19:12)
40	What do Perfect 3ms, Inf.Cs., and Imper. 2ms of Hophal look like?	—	שׁלך	Hophal	—	—	All three are identical: הָשְׁלַךְ — context disambiguates. The Imperative is the rarest (1 clear OT token total for Hophal Imper.)

Conjugation Coverage¶

Conjugation	PGNs drilled	Cards
Perfect	3ms, 3fs, 2ms, 2fs, 1cs, 3cp, 2mp, 2fp, 1cp	1–9
Imperfect	3ms, 3fs, 2ms, 2fs, 1cs, 3mp, 3fp, 2mp, 2fp, 1cp	10–19
Wayyiqtol	3ms, 3fs, 3mp	20–22
Weqatal	2fs, 2ms	23–24
Imperative	2ms, 2fs, 2mp, 2fp	25–28
Inf. Construct	—	29
Inf. Absolute	—	30
Participle	ms, fs, mp, fp	31–34
Contrast / Diagnostic	—	35–40

Tags for Import¶

Tag	Cards
`hophal-perfect`	1–9
`hophal-imperfect`	10–19
`hophal-wayyiqtol`	20–22
`hophal-weqatal`	23–24
`hophal-imperative`	25–28
`hophal-infinitive`	29–30
`hophal-participle`	31–34
`hophal-diagnostic`	35–40